exam prep questions Flashcards
kidney stones composed of uric acid are associated with which risk factors?
a. hydronephrosis
b. UTI
c. increased calcium in blood
d. gout
d. gout
hydroureter
swelling of ureter
ureter hyperplasia
increase # of cells
hydronephrosis
swelling of kidney
a person with oliguria has a urine output of
< 400 mL/day
which is a protective factor against a UTI?
a. urine is basic
b. urine flow is multi-directional
c. presence of urea
d. pregnancy
c. presence of urea
*acidic is protective
*urine is uni-directional
*pregnancy is a risk factor
a client with a UTI is taking ciprofloxacin, which condition requires follow up?
a. urine is orangish color
b. dysuria is present
c. new onset of pain and swelling in elbow
d. red man syndrome
c. new onset of pain and swelling in elbow
*joint and risk for tendon rupture
*dysuria = expected finding with UTI
*orange urine = sulfa-meth
a patient is diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma. in reviewing the chart, the nurse identifies this risk factor.
a. pt smoked 1 ppd for 20 years
b. female
c. 25 BMI
d. pt has a high-fat diet
a. smoked
other risk factors:
-male
-obesity
-genetic predisposition
a client with a stage 3 GFR would have a GFR of what?
40
lower=bad
95=normal
a client with ESRD may present with which clinical manifestations?
a. anemia
b. anorexia
c. hypokalemia
d. edema
e. hypermagnesemia
a. anemia (kidneys are producing erythropoietin)
b. anorexia
d. edema (kidneys can’t remove excess fluid)
e. hypermagnesemia (urinary excretion is the only magnesium regulator)
glomerulonephritis
-the secondary condition is caused by systemic disease
-condition affects one or both kidneys
-acute or chronic
-manifestations: hematuria, azotemia, fluid retention
Selena Gomez = secondary glomerulonephritis
which is NOT a treatment for AKI?
a. lasix
b. dextrose and insulin
c. sodium polystyrene sulfonate
d. potassium
d. potassium
sodium polystyrene sulfonate: binder to remove K
dextrose+insulin: push K back into cells
lasix: removes K
the nurse is caring for a patient who is jaundice and complaining of itching all over. which lab value would be consistent with this patient’s presentation?
increased ALT
increased PT
the nurse is admitting a patient from an outside hospital who has jaundice. in report the nurse is told the patient has hepatocellular jaundice. what statement is consistent with this diagnosis?
condition is caused by liver cells failing and being unable to complete their job
the nurse is caring for a patient with hepatitis C virus. what statement is true about this condition?
often times presents with no symptoms
transmitted parental or sexual
80% develop into chronic
NO vaccine
the patient has been told they have alcohol steatohepatitis. what is consistent with this condition? SATA.
a. mildest form of liver disease
b. precursor to cirrhosis
c. hepatocytes are inflamed
d. hepatocytes have begun to degenerate
e. irreversible changes have occurred
f. fibrosis and scarring is present
B, C, D, E
fibrosis and scaring - LATE cirrhotic stage
mildest form of liver disease: fatty liver
portal HTN
associated with system hypotension
diagnosed primarily with complications (no good test)
no tx except liver transplant
causes INCREASE cardiac output
which are risk factors for cholelithiasis? SATA
a. male gender
b. high levels of estrogen
c. high fat diet
d. infection
e. diabetes
B, C
FAT, female, forty
-infection+DM: cholecystITIS
what is the cause of steatorrhea seen with bile flow obstruction?
lack of bile salts decreases fat digestion
bile flows into gallbladder
which pancreatic enzyme can cause fat necrosis?
lipase
kallikrein
edema, vascular permeability – large fluid abd patient
trypsin
tissue necrosis, hemorrhage
