exam prep questions

Question 1

kidney stones composed of uric acid are associated with which risk factors?
a. hydronephrosis
b. UTI
c. increased calcium in blood
d. gout

Answer 1

d. gout

Question 2

hydroureter

Answer 2

swelling of ureter

Question 3

ureter hyperplasia

Answer 3

increase # of cells

Question 4

hydronephrosis

Answer 4

swelling of kidney

Question 5

a person with oliguria has a urine output of

Answer 5

< 400 mL/day

Question 6

which is a protective factor against a UTI?
a. urine is basic
b. urine flow is multi-directional
c. presence of urea
d. pregnancy

Answer 6

c. presence of urea

*acidic is protective
*urine is uni-directional
*pregnancy is a risk factor

Question 7

a client with a UTI is taking ciprofloxacin, which condition requires follow up?
a. urine is orangish color
b. dysuria is present
c. new onset of pain and swelling in elbow
d. red man syndrome

Answer 7

c. new onset of pain and swelling in elbow

*joint and risk for tendon rupture
*dysuria = expected finding with UTI
*orange urine = sulfa-meth

Question 8

a patient is diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma. in reviewing the chart, the nurse identifies this risk factor.
a. pt smoked 1 ppd for 20 years
b. female
c. 25 BMI
d. pt has a high-fat diet

Answer 8

a. smoked

other risk factors:
-male
-obesity
-genetic predisposition

Question 9

a client with a stage 3 GFR would have a GFR of what?

Answer 9

40

lower=bad
95=normal

Question 10

a client with ESRD may present with which clinical manifestations?
a. anemia
b. anorexia
c. hypokalemia
d. edema
e. hypermagnesemia

Answer 10

a. anemia (kidneys are producing erythropoietin)
b. anorexia
d. edema (kidneys can’t remove excess fluid)
e. hypermagnesemia (urinary excretion is the only magnesium regulator)

Question 11

glomerulonephritis

Answer 11

-the secondary condition is caused by systemic disease
-condition affects one or both kidneys
-acute or chronic
-manifestations: hematuria, azotemia, fluid retention

Selena Gomez = secondary glomerulonephritis

Question 12

which is NOT a treatment for AKI?
a. lasix
b. dextrose and insulin
c. sodium polystyrene sulfonate
d. potassium

Answer 12

d. potassium

sodium polystyrene sulfonate: binder to remove K
dextrose+insulin: push K back into cells
lasix: removes K

Question 13

the nurse is caring for a patient who is jaundice and complaining of itching all over. which lab value would be consistent with this patient’s presentation?

Answer 13

increased ALT
increased PT

Question 14

the nurse is admitting a patient from an outside hospital who has jaundice. in report the nurse is told the patient has hepatocellular jaundice. what statement is consistent with this diagnosis?

Answer 14

condition is caused by liver cells failing and being unable to complete their job

Question 15

the nurse is caring for a patient with hepatitis C virus. what statement is true about this condition?

Answer 15

often times presents with no symptoms
transmitted parental or sexual
80% develop into chronic
NO vaccine

Question 16

the patient has been told they have alcohol steatohepatitis. what is consistent with this condition? SATA.
a. mildest form of liver disease
b. precursor to cirrhosis
c. hepatocytes are inflamed
d. hepatocytes have begun to degenerate
e. irreversible changes have occurred
f. fibrosis and scarring is present

Answer 16

B, C, D, E

fibrosis and scaring - LATE cirrhotic stage
mildest form of liver disease: fatty liver

Question 17

portal HTN

Answer 17

associated with system hypotension
diagnosed primarily with complications (no good test)
no tx except liver transplant
causes INCREASE cardiac output

Question 18

which are risk factors for cholelithiasis? SATA
a. male gender
b. high levels of estrogen
c. high fat diet
d. infection
e. diabetes

Answer 18

B, C

FAT, female, forty

-infection+DM: cholecystITIS

Question 19

what is the cause of steatorrhea seen with bile flow obstruction?

Answer 19

lack of bile salts decreases fat digestion

bile flows into gallbladder

Question 20

which pancreatic enzyme can cause fat necrosis?

Answer 20

lipase

Question 21

kallikrein

Answer 21

edema, vascular permeability – large fluid abd patient

Question 22

trypsin

Answer 22

tissue necrosis, hemorrhage