urologic cancers Flashcards
urologic cancers
kidney cancer
bladder cancer
most common type of kidney cancer
renal cell carcinoma ~ 85%
risk factors for renal cell carcinoma
1: SMOKING
-obesity
-age
-male
-genetics
if kidney cancer metastasizes, what is the 5-year prognosis?
5-yr prognosis: 10%
early/late clinical manifestations of renal cell carcinoma
early: typically not diagnosed until it has spread, so none
late:
-CVA tenderness
-hematuria
-palpable abd mass
hematuria
blood in urine
looks like coke
where does renal cell carcinoma often spread and what symptoms can be seen?
to the lung or bone
-bone pain
-dyspnea
-cough
treatment for renal cell carcinoma
chemotherapy
*surgery often required to move affected kidney
bladder cancer
4th most common cancer in MEN
urothelial carcinoma (>90%)
risk factors for urothelial carcinoma
1: SMOKING
-male
-occupations with exposure to toxics
-low fluid intake
early/late clinical manifestations of urothelial carcinoma
early: hematuria
later: increases in…
-frequency
-urgency
-dysuria (painful urination)
treatment of urothelial carcinoma
chemotherapy
*stage 1: intravesical chemo (instilled into bladder)
*advanced stages: systemic chemo (through IV)
intravesical therapy
BCG vaccine - live
6-12 weeks
BCG vaccine MOA
stimulates a local inflammatory response in bladder
goal: recognize cancer cells and attack!!
BCG vaccine SIDE EFFECTS
bladder irritation
risk of system infection
