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Peds II > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

Two benefits of circumcision?

A
  • Decrease rate of UTI

- Decrease rate of some STIs

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2
Q

If cleaning an uncircumcised penis, you can clean with mild soap and water but then…

A

Return foreskin to natural position after cleaning

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3
Q

What condition involves inability to retract foreskin due to scarring that occurs secondary to infection/inflammation?

A

Phimosis (pathologic)

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4
Q

Two treatments for Phimosis?

A
  • Stretching exercises

- Topical steroids

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5
Q

What condition is a urologic emergency involving retracted foreskin (uncircumcised) that cannot be returned to natural position?

A

Paraphimosis

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6
Q

What condition involves entrapment → impaired venous flow → engorgement → arterial compromise?

A

Paraphimosis

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7
Q

What condition involves edema, tenderness of glans and distal retracted foreskin (band), color change (black/blue) if ischemic?

A

Paraphimosis

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8
Q

What condition involves treatment of pain control, prompt manual reduction, surgical intervention by urology (dorsal slit)?

A

Paraphimosis

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9
Q

What condition involves congenital anomaly (rare) with dorsal displacement of urethral opening?

A

Epispadias

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10
Q

What condition may occur with bladder exstrophy (exposed bladder onto lower abdomen)?

A

Epispadias

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11
Q

What condition involves congenital anomaly with ventral displacement of urethral opening?

A

Hypospadias

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12
Q

Which condition may involve Chordee?

A

Hypospadias

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13
Q

What condition involves abnormal penile curvature?

A

Chordee

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14
Q

What condition involves PE findings of abnormal foreskin with second opening (one is false); examine for palpable testes (cryptorchidism?)

A

Hypospadias

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15
Q

With what condition should NO circumcision be considered during newborn period?

A

Hypospadias

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16
Q

What is the most common GU abnormality?

A

Cryptorchidism

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17
Q

What condition involves no spontaneous descension into scrotum by 4 months (testes may be absent, undescended or retractile (also consider ascending or ectopic))?

A

Cryptorchidism

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18
Q

What three conditions are of increased risk with Cryptorchidism?

A
  • Testicular torsion
  • Subfertility
  • Testicular CA
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19
Q

Which condition involves absent testicle unilateral or bilateral with flat, underdeveloped scrotum (may need US)? Where are the tests often displaced (think location)?

A

Cryptorchidism

- Undescended testes are often suprascrotal

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20
Q

What condition involves treatment of most spontaneously resolve by 3-4 months; if not by 4 months, urology referral for surgery (orchiopexy to reposition/attach into scrotum)?

A

Cryptorchidism

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21
Q

What condition is a urologic emergency involving twisting of spermatic cord due to poorly anchored testicle?

A

Testicular Torsion

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22
Q

Which two conditions are considered urologic emergencies?

A
  • Paraphimosis

- Testicular Torsion

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23
Q

Which condition involves at risk for vascular compromise; two peak incidences in neonatal period and puberty (12-18 years)?

A

Testicular Torsion

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24
Q

Which condition involves abrupt onset of severe, constant testicular/scrotal pain, N/V?

A

Testicular Torsion

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25
Q

Which condition involves tender/swollen/slightly elevated affected teste, absent cremasteric reflex?

A

Testicular Torsion

26
Q

Which condition involves a negative Prehn sign?

A

Testicular Torsion

27
Q

Which diagnostic test should be used to confirm Testicular Torsion?

28
Q

Which condition involves immediate urology consult; surgical detorsion and fixation?

A

Testicular Torsion

29
Q

What is the most common etiology of a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

30
Q

What condition involves risk factors of young, uncircumcised, bowel/bladder dysfunction, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), sexual activity?

A

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

31
Q

How do symptoms for UTI differ for younger children vs. older children?

A
  • Younger children: non-specific (fever of unknown etiology, irritable, poor feeding
  • Older children: classic symptoms (dysuria/frequency/urgency, abdominal/back/flank pain)
32
Q

For UTI, what two diagnostic tests should be obtained, and what is the recommended way of doing this?

A
  • UA (catheter specimen recommended)

- Culture

33
Q

What condition involves urine dipstick will show significant bacteriuria with pyuria?

A

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

34
Q

What is the first line treatment for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

A

Cephalosporin

35
Q

In what population is Renal and Bladder US (RBUS) recommended for UTI?

A

All infants/children 2-24 months after 1st febrile UTI

36
Q

What condition is voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) used to detect? In what population is it recommended (hint: ___ AND ___)?

A 
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
- Children of any age with 2+ febrile UTIs or 1st febrile UTI AND evident anomaly on RBUS, fever 102.2+ F, non-E. coli pathogen, poor growth/HTN
37
Q

What condition involves retrograde urine flow from bladder into upper UT?

A

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

38
Q

What are the three treatments for Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)?

A
  • Surveillance
  • Low-dose prophylactic abx
  • Monitor reflux
39
Q

What is the most common type of renal fusion?

A

Horseshoe Kidney

40
Q

What condition involves usually asymptomatic but may have pain, hematuria if infection/obstruction?

A

Horseshoe Kidney

41
Q

What condition is often associated with anomalies and syndromes like VUR, hypospadias, undescended testes, other genetic disorders?

A

Horseshoe Kidney

42
Q

With what condition do most patients have excellent prognosis with no intervention?

A

Horseshoe Kidney

43
Q

With what condition is there slight increased risk for Wilms Tumor, and what is this?

A

Horseshoe Kidney

- Wilms Tumor: most common renal malignancy in kids

44
Q

What condition is most common in kids 5 years or younger (boys)?

A

Nocturnal Enuresis (NE)

45
Q

What condition involves treatment of behavioral modifications (reassurance, education and motivational therapy (ex. sticker chart))?

A

Nocturnal Enuresis (NE)

46
Q

What is the recommended pharmacotherapy for Nocturnal Enuresis (NE), and what is the recommended age for this?

A

DDAVP/Desmopressin (synthetic ADH)

- Age 6+ years

47
Q

What three conditions should definitely be considered for Hematuria?

A
  • Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
  • IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP))
  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
48
Q

What condition involves “throat, bloat, coke”, and what does each indicate?

A

Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

  • Pharyngitis
  • Periorbital/peripheral edema
  • Gross hematuria/cola-colored
49
Q

What condition involves urine microscopy shows RBC casts?

A

Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

50
Q

What condition often presents 1-2 weeks post-Group A beta-hemolytic strep?

A

Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

51
Q

What condition involves + ASO titer/streptozyme test?

A

Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

52
Q

What condition involves palpable purpura, arthritis/arthralgia, abdominal pain, renal disease?

A

IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP))

53
Q

What is one of the primary causes of acute kidney injury in pediatrics?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

54
Q

If Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is acquired, what is the most common cause?

A

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli

55
Q

What condition involves hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

56
Q

What condition involves foamy urine?

A

Proteinuria

57
Q

What condition is a marker of renal disease?

A

Proteinuria

- Excessive protein excreted in urine

58
Q

What condition involves renal disease causing massive renal protein loss in urine?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

59
Q

What condition involves the “four O’s”, and what are they?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

  • Nephrotic range proteinuria
  • Hypoalbuminemia
  • Edema (round O shape)
  • Hyperlipidemia
60
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Refer to nephrology

Peds II (12 decks)

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