Oncology Flashcards
Weight loss, refractory headaches, increased swelling/pain, excessive bruising/bleeding/rash, lump/mass, constant infections, whitish color behind pupil, nausea/vomiting, constant fatigue, eye/vision changes, recurrent FUO are all signs of what?
WARNING SIGNS OF CA
What is the most common malignancy of childhood?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Which condition is due to uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphocytes?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
What condition is associated with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?
Down syndrome
Which condition is associated with bone pain, intermittent fever/fatigue/pallor?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Which condition is associated with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), and considered an emergency?
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- Due to massive tumor cell lysis
Which condition involves uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts?
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Which two conditions are associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?
- Down syndrome
- NF-1
Which condition involves hyperleukocytosis (>100,000) = emergency, Auer rods and circulating myeloblasts, BM biopsy shows 20+% blasts?
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Which condition involves myeloproliferative disorder of mature/maturing granulocytes?
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
What is the only risk factor associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
Radiation exposure
Which condition involves chronic phase → accelerated phase → blast phase, and which phase is considered most problematic?
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
- Blast phase is worst
Which condition involves myeloid cells in all stages of maturation, 20+% blasts if in blast crisis?
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Which condition involves the presence of Philadelphia Chromosome?
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
What is the recommended treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
What is often the recommended (specific) treatment for childhood CA’s, and which condition is considered slightly different from the others?
HSCT (allogenic)
- Hodgkin Lymphoma involves HSCT (autologous) rather than allogenic
Which condition arises in lymph nodes with LOCAL spread?
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Which condition involves painless cervical/supraclavicular LAD; mediastinal mass?
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Which condition involves Reed-Sternberg cells (malignant B cells)?
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Which condition arises from any lymphoid tissue with DISTANT spread?
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Which condition involves rapidly proliferating, high-grade, diffuse malignancies?
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Which condition is VERY progressive (1-3 weeks) – LAD, general symptoms; hepato/splenomegaly if advanced?
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
What condition should be cautioned for with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
What is the most common solid tumor of childhood?
BRAIN TUMOR
What is the leading cause of death from childhood CA?
BRAIN TUMOR
Which condition involves AM headache, vomiting and papilledema?
Brain Tumor
Which condition involves a larger head circumference, vomiting, lethargy, irritable, FTT, developmental delay?
Brain Tumor
Which condition involves HA, visual symptoms, seizure, focal neuro deficits, school failure, personality changes?
Brain Tumor
What is the preferred diagnostic test for a Brain Tumor?
MRI
What will be seen on tissue biopsy if the brain tumor is Glial? What if it is Nonglial?
- Astrocytoma if Glial Tumor
- Medulloblastomas if Nonglial
What is the most common abdominal tumor?
Neuroblastoma
What is the most common solid neoplasm outside CNS (adrenal gland)?
Neuroblastoma
Which condition involves an abdominal mass (firm, fixed, irregular) that extends beyond midline?
Neuroblastoma
Which condition will show urinary catecholamines?
Neuroblastoma
What is the second most common abdominal tumor?
Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)
Which condition involves asymptomatic abdominal mass/swelling that rarely crosses midline?
Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)
What is the most common primary bone malignancy?
Osteosarcoma
Which condition occurs in long bones (metaphysis)?
Osteosarcoma
Which condition involves bone pain at site, mass formation, fracture; antalgic gait?
Osteosarcoma
What is the second most common primary bone malignancy?
Ewing Sarcoma
Which condition occurs in long bones (diaphysis)?
Ewing Sarcoma
Which condition often affects white males in 2nd decade of life?
Ewing Sarcoma
Which condition involves bone pain worse at night?
Ewing Sarcoma
Which condition is the most common intraocular tumor?
Retinoblastoma
Which childhood CA can be inherited?
Retinoblastoma
Which condition involves white pupillary light reflex (leukocoria); strabismus, nystagmus, red/inflamed eye?
Retinoblastoma
Which condition involves chalky, off-white retinal mass with soft, friable consistency?
Retinoblastoma
Is a biopsy recommended for Retinoblastoma, and why or why not?
NO
- Can lead to tumor seeding
What is the most common soft tissue sarcoma?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Which condition can involve any body part (head, neck most common in young children; extremity tumors in adolescents)?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
What is the most common type is hepatoblastoma?
Hepatic Tumors
Which condition involves elevated AFP; US, CT/MRI; treatment of surgery (complete resection)?
Hepatic Tumors
