Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds II > Pediatric Endocrinology > Flashcards

Pediatric Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two age peaks for Type I DM?

A
  • 4-6 years

- 10-14 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What population is most affected by Type I DM?

A

Non-Hispanic whites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What condition is associated with HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4 genes?

A

Type I DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What three symptoms are associated with Type I DM? What other two symptoms are often associated?

A

3 P’s: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Type I DM?

A

INSULIN

- Start low, go slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is hypoglycemia affected by age?

A

As age increases, hypoglycemia risk decreases

- Bigger range for tolerated blood glucose readings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the “physiologic regimen” recommended as treatment for Type I DM? What is the purpose of each?

A
  • Short-acting (Regular Insulin): pre-meal bolus

- Intermediate-acting (NPH Insulin): maintain baseline levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three types of administration for Insulin in Type I DM?

A
  • Syringe: less training BUT prone to hyperglycemia and needle sticks
  • Pen: easy to use and portable BUT $
  • Pump: more accurate, improve HbA1c, can exercise without increase in carbs BUT $$$
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are four risk factors associated with Type II DM?

A
  • Obesity
  • +FH
  • High-risk ethnicity
  • Conditions associated with insulin resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the five high-risk ethnicities associate with Type II DM?

A
  • Native American
  • AA
  • Latino
  • Asian
  • Pacific Islander
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What three condition are associated with insulin resistance in Type II DM?

A
  • PCOS
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Dyslipidemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What three symptoms are associated with Type II DM?

A
  • Polyuria (bed wetting)
  • Vision issues
  • Acanthosis nigricans = early sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What four diagnostic tests are associated with Type II DM?

A
  • Fasting plasma glucose (126+)
  • Random plasma glucose (200+)
  • OGTT (200+ after 2 hours)
  • HbA1c (6.5+%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the recommended screening for Type II DM (___ + ____ + __(4)__)?

A 
10+ years
PLUS
Overweight/obese
PLUS
2+ of...
- FH
- High-risk ethnicity
- Sxs of insulin resistance or PCOS/acanthosis nigricans/dyslipidemia
- Maternal DM/gestation DM in utero
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Type II DM?

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If a patient has DM AND HTN, what medication should be added?

A

ACE-I/ARBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If a patient has DM AND dyslipidemia, what is the recommended treatment plan (2)?

A
  1. 6 months of non-pharm

2. Add statin if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is considered overweight for peds?

A

85th to 95th percentile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is considered obese for peds?

A

Above 95th percentile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What three ethnicities are at higher risk for obesity?

A
  • Indian American
  • AA
  • Mexican American
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the recommended exercise for peds? What should be the limit for screen time?

A
  • Exercise: 30-60 minutes/day

- Screen time: 2 hours/day

22
Q

What are the guidelines for Short Stature in peds (2)?

A

2+ standard deviations below mean

- Less than 2.3%

23
Q

What method can be used to diagnose Short Stature in peds, and what does this involve?

A

Greulich-Pyle Atlas method (GP method)

- XR of left hand, left wrist

24
Q

What are the two causes of NORMAL variation for Short Stature in peds, and which is more common?

A
  • Familial short stature

- Delay of growth = MORE common

25
Q

Of the etiologies of Short Stature, which is the only one that involves NORMAL adult height?

A

Delay of growth

26
Q

What etiology of Short Stature involves parents short: bone age and pubertal timing normal?

A

Familial short stature

27
Q

What etiology of Short Stature involves delayed bone age AND delayed pubertal timing?

A

Delay of growth

28
Q

If a patient has low IGF-1, low IGFBP-3 and delayed bone age, what etiology of Short Stature is this indicative of?

A

GH Deficiency

29
Q

Which condition involves short stature, “boxy” body shape, webbed neck?

A

Turner Syndrome

30
Q

Which condition involves streaked gonads, CoA?

A

Turner Syndrome

31
Q

Which condition involves short stature and obesity?

A

Prader-Willi Syndrome

32
Q

Which two Short Stature etiologies are autosomal dominant?

A
  • Noonan Syndrome

- Achondroplasia

33
Q

Which condition involves short stature, CHD?

A

Noonan Syndrome

34
Q

Which condition involves short stature, disproportionate with rhizomelic shortening, macrocephaly?

A

Achondroplasia

35
Q

What gene is associated with Achondroplasia?

A

FGFR3 gene

36
Q

Which condition involves excess GH BEFORE epiphyseal closure → excessive growth of ALL long bones?

A

Gigantism

37
Q

What condition involves high serum IGF-1? What other test can be performed, and what is an abnormal response?

A

Gigantism

- GH suppression test (abnormal = GH remains higher than 1 ng/mL after glucose administration)

38
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Gigantism?

A

Octreotide

39
Q

What is considered precocious puberty in females? Males?

A
  • Before 8 years in females

- Before 9 years in males

40
Q

What lab finding can be used to differentiate Central = Gonadotropin-Dependent from Peripheral = Gonadotropin-Independent?

A
  • Central = Gonadotropin-Dependent: HIGH LH/FSH

- Peripheral = Gonadotropin-Independent: LOW LH/FSH

41
Q

Which etiology of precocious puberty is idiopathic; more common in girls?

A

Central = Gonadotropin-Dependent

42
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Central = Gonadotropin-Dependent?

A

GnRH agonists

43
Q

If gynecomastia is pubertal, what does this indicate? If it is prepubertal, what does this indicate (3)?

A
  • Pubertal = benign

- Prepubertal = Klinefelter’s Syndrome, obesity, tumor

44
Q

What condition involves stimulation of adrenal gland IN UTERO?

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

45
Q

What condition involves 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

46
Q

What four lab findings are seen with 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

A
  • No Aldosterone
  • No cortisol
  • HIGH androgens
  • HIGH ACTH
47
Q

What is salt losing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia mean, and how does this present in females? Males (2)?

A

NO 21-hydroxylase

  • Genital atypia in females
  • Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia in males
48
Q

What is non-salt losing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia mean, and how does this present in females? Males?

A

LOW 21-hydroxylase

  • Genital atypia in females
  • Early virilization at 2-4 years in males
49
Q

What is non-classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia mean, and how does this present in females AND males (2)? What is also seen in females (2)?

A

LATE ONSET
Early pubarche, precocious sexual in females AND males
- Hirsutism, menstruation irregularities in females

50
Q

What three treatments are recommended for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

A
  • GnRH agonist
  • Hydrocortisone
  • Fludrocortisone

Peds II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions