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Peds II > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Which condition involves acute sxs of lethargy, tachycardia, pallor, irritability and poor oral intake in infants?

A

Anemia

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2
Q

What type of anemia is considered an inherited Bone Marrow Failure?

A

Fanconi Anemia

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3
Q

Which condition is often misdiagnosed as ITP?

A

Fanconi Anemia

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4
Q

Which condition involves progressive pancytopenia (all cell lines); several congenital malformations; increased incidence of malignancies?

A

Fanconi Anemia

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5
Q

What two conditions are you at increased risk of getting if you have Fanconi Anemia?

A
  • MDS

- AML

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6
Q

What type of anemia is considered an acquired Bone Marrow Failure?

A

Acquired Aplastic Anemia

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7
Q

What is the definitive treatment for both Fanconi Anemia and Acquired Aplastic Anemia?

A

HSCT (stem cell transplant)

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8
Q

What is the most common nutritional deficiency in children?

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

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9
Q

At what age is screening performed for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)?

A

12 months

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10
Q

What condition involves microcytic/hypochromic anemia, elevated RDW, Hb <11? What is the Ferritin level for this?

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

- Ferritin <12

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11
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) - hint: exact amount?

A

Iron supplements (6 mg/kg per day)

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12
Q

What are the two types of Megaloblastic Anemia?

A
  • Vitamin B12 Deficiency

- Folic Acid Deficiency

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13
Q

What are the two etiologies of Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

A
  • Intestinal malabsorption

- Dietary insufficiency

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14
Q

What are the two etiologies of Folic Acid Deficiency?

A
  • Increased folate requirements

- Malabsorption syndromes

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15
Q

What type of Anemia involves neuro symptoms?

A

ONLY with Vitamin B12 Deficiency

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16
Q

Which two conditions involves hypersegmented nuclei, elevated homocysteine?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

  • Vitamin B12 Deficiency
  • Folic Acid Deficiency
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17
Q

How can you differentiate Vitamin B12 Deficiency from Folic Acid Deficiency?

A

Elevated methylmalonic acid ONLY with Vitamin B12 Deficiency

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18
Q

When treating Megaloblastic Anemia, what must be considered?

A

Always check for both Vitamin B12 Deficiency AND Folic Acid Deficiency to avoid misdiagnosis and neuro sxs with B12

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19
Q

What are the four types of Congenital Hemolytic Anemias?

A
  • Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS)
  • Thalassemia (alpha vs. beta)
  • Sickle Cell Disease
  • G6PD Deficiency
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20
Q

Which condition involves hemolytic anemia; spherocytes, increased osmotic fragility?

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS)

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21
Q

Which condition involves microcytic/hypochromic anemia, normal RDW?

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS)

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22
Q

How can you differentiate Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) from Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)?

A

HS has a NORMAL RDW

- IDA has an elevated RDW

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23
Q

Which two conditions are diagnosed via hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis?

A
  • Thalassemia (alpha vs. beta)

- Sickle Cell Disease

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24
Q

Which condition involves vaso-occlusive episodes = pain; chronic hemolysis?

A

Sickle Cell Disease

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25
Q

Which condition involves hydroxyurea, treat painful vaso-occlusive episodes, avoid oxidative stress, may need HSCT for treatment?

A

Sickle Cell Disease

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26
Q

Which condition involves episodic hemolysis due to oxidative stress, infection, certain medications or foods?

A

G6PD Deficiency

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27
Q

Which condition involves Heinz bodies, bite-like deformities?

A

G6PD Deficiency

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28
Q

Which condition involves basophilic stippling ?

A

Lead Poisoning

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29
Q

Which condition only affects RBCs?

A

Familial Polycythemia (Congenital Erythrocytosis)

30
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Polycythemia?

A

Phlebotomy

31
Q

Which condition occurs in response to hypoxemia (cyanotic CHD, chronic pulmonary disease)?

A

Secondary Polycythemia

32
Q

Which test is extrinsic? Which three factors are affected?

A

PT

  • VII
  • X
  • Tissue Factor
33
Q

Which test is intrinsic? Which four factors are affected?

A

PTT/aPTT

  • VIII
  • IX
  • XI
  • XII
34
Q

Which test is used to monitor Warfarin tx?

A

INR

35
Q

Which test is used to test platelet dysfunction?

A

Bleeding time

36
Q

What is the most common bleeding disorder of childhood?

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

37
Q

What condition is often associated with virus?

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

38
Q

Which condition involves immune-mediated attack against its own platelets?

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

39
Q

Which condition involves ecchymosis, epistaxis, multiple petechiae?

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

40
Q

Which condition involves PT and aPTT are normal; thrombocytopenia, normal WBC and Hb?

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

41
Q

What are the two recommended treatments for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?

A
  • Avoid meds that decrease platelet function (i.e. ASA)

- Prednisone

42
Q

What are the two types of Inherited Bleeding Disorders?

A
  • Von Willebrand Disease

- Hemophilia

43
Q

What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?

A

Von Willebrand Disease

44
Q

Which condition involves increased bleeding due to no clots – prolonged bleeding (epistaxis, menorrhagia, GI); easy bruising?

A

Von Willebrand Disease

45
Q

How can you differentiate Von Willebrand Disease from Hemophilia?

A

Prolonged bleeding time with vWF Disease

- Normal bleeding time with Hemophilia

46
Q

Which medication can be used to treat both Von Willebrand Disease and Hemophilia A?

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

47
Q

Which factor is deficient in Hemophilia A? Which factor is deficient in Hemophilia B?

Which type is more common?

A
  • A: factor VIII deficiency
  • B: factor IX deficiency

Hemophilia A is more common

48
Q

Which condition involves bleeding into joints and muscles is common; spontaneous hemarthrosis if severe?

A

Hemophilia

49
Q

Which condition is triggered by event (sepsis, trauma, malignancy)?

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

50
Q

Which condition involves trigger event → widespread coagulation cascade = microthrombi → massive consumption of platelets, fibrin, coagulation factors → severe bleeding?

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

51
Q

Which condition involves shock, diffuse bleeding tendency?

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

52
Q

Which condition involves elevated D-Dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDPs)?

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

53
Q

What organ synthesizes prothrombin, fibrinogen, factors V, VII, IX, X, XII and XIII?

A

Liver

54
Q

What four factors depend on Vitamin K to be synthesized?

A
  • II
  • VII
  • IX
  • X
55
Q

Which condition involves:

  • Platelet count decreased
  • PT normal
  • aPTT normal
A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

56
Q

Which condition involves:

  • Platelet count normal/decreased
  • PT normal
  • aPTT normal/prolonged
A

Von Willebrand Disease

57
Q

Which condition involves:

  • Platelet count normal
  • PT normal
  • aPTT prolonged
A

Hemophilia

58
Q

Which condition involves:

  • Platelet count decreased
  • PT prolonged
  • aPTT prolonged
A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

59
Q

What type of disorders involve hypercoagulation (leads to DVTs or PE); + FH of thrombosis?

A

Inherited Thrombotic Disorders

60
Q

Which two factors are inactivated by active Protein C?

A
  • V

- VIII

61
Q

With what condition can you develop Warfarin-induced skin necrosis?

A

Protein C Deficiency

62
Q

Which condition is a cofactor of Protein C → facilitates action of activated Protein C?

A

Protein S

63
Q

What condition is a point mutation that is resistant to inactivation by activated Protein C?

A

Factor V Leiden

64
Q

Which condition involves risk of VTE increased dramatically, especially if taking oral contraceptives?

A

Factor V Leiden

65
Q

Which condition is an inhibitor of thrombin → VTE?

A

Antithrombin Deficiency

66
Q

What medication’s efficiency is significantly diminished with Antithrombin Deficiency?

A

Heparin

67
Q

What is the most common type of small vessel vasculitis?

A

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

68
Q

Which condition involves preceded by URI; deposition of IgA immune complexes?

A

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

69
Q

What is the hallmark symptom of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)?

A

Palpable purpura

70
Q

Which condition involves normal/elevated platelet count; possible elevated ASO titer, elevated serum IgA, + hemoccult?

A

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

Peds II (12 decks)

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