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Anatomy > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four component parts of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

What are the vertebral levels of the kidneys?

A

T12-L3

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3
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

In the paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

At what plane does the hilum of the kidney lie?

A

Transpyloric plane

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5
Q

At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?

A

L1

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6
Q

Which kidney lies lower and why?

A

Right kidney- due to presence of liver

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7
Q

What are the four layers that cover the kidneys?

A

Fibrous renal capsule
Fatty renal capsule
Renal fascia- fibrofatty tissue
Pararenal fatty tissue- mainly on posterior aspects of kidneys

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8
Q

What is the advantage of having fat around the kidneys?

A

The fatty capsules offer the kidneys protection

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9
Q

How is the urinary system peritonised?

A

All retroperitoneal

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10
Q

What is the cause of a horseshoe kidney?

A

The inferior poles fused

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11
Q

What is the cause of a double ureter?

A

Duplication of the ureteric bud from mesonephric duct

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12
Q

What is the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney made of?

A

Fibrous tissue

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13
Q

At what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1 or L2

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14
Q

What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidney?

A

They branch off into smaller arteries

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15
Q

What muscle does the ureter lie on as it descends?

A

Psoas major

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16
Q

What crosses the ureter superiorly in males?

A

The vas deferens

17
Q

What crosses the ureter superiorly in females?

A

The uterine artery

18
Q

Which part of the bladder do the ureters enter?

A

The trigone of the bladder

19
Q

From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?

A

The neck of the bladder

20
Q

What is the apex of the bladder an embryological remnant of?

A

The urachus

21
Q

What joint lies immediately anterior to the bladder?

A

The pubic symphisis

Anatomy (11 decks)

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