Urology Flashcards
Interstitial Cystitis
More common in women, pain with a full bladder, relief when voiding. Dyspareunia.
Normal UA.
Tx: Lifestyle mods, Amitryptiline, analgesics for acute pain
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
Presentation
Dx
Tx
Flu-like illness with symptoms of UTI and sensitive prostate.
Dx: Culture
Tx: TMP-SMX or Fluoroquinolone
Oxalate Stone Recommendations
Increase fluids, decrease sodium (reabsorption coupled to Ca), normal Ca intake.
Cryptorchidism
Risk of testicular cancer, intra-abdominal testicular torsion, subfertility, inguinal hernia.
Thiazides for nephrolithiasis
If patient has increased urinary calcium excretion and nephrolithiasis a thiazide may be helpful for reabsorption of Ca.
Blunt abdominal trauma with diffuse abdominal pain
consider bladder dome rupture with subsequent chemical peritonitis caused by urine.
Stone formation in urine pH less than 5.5
Uric acid stones
Stress Urinary Incontinence
Pelvic floor exercises and possible urethral sling
Overflow incontinence
Constant dribbling Cholinergic agonist (bethanechol) and possible self cathing
Urgency incontinence
Sudden urge to go, detrusor hyperactivity
Can be due to estrogen deficiency
antimuscarinic (oxybutynin)
Urinary outflow obstruction
Pain, low volume followed by high volume voids, potential K wasting, renal dysfunction.
Mixed type incontinence
Initial evaluation: try to determine which type predominates. Diary.
Resistant to treatment: Urodynamic studies
Posterior Urethral Valves
Abdominal distension, poor urine output, and respiratory distress in a neonate
In utero causes lung hypoplasia
Dx: Renal and Bladder US –> VCUG
Tx: Ablation
Dx of high probability kidney stone
Ultrasound > Noncontrast CT
Medical treatment of nocturnal enuresis
Desmopressin > Imipramine
