Statistics Flashcards
Ascertainment/Sampling Bias
The study differs from the target population
Selection bias
Nonresponse bias
A certain population in the study does not respond to surveys/questionnaires and it relates to the matter of the subject.
Selection bias.
Berkson Bias
The study only takes place on hospitalized patients
Selection bias
Prevalence (Neyman) Bias
Exposures that occur long before the study may cause the patients to die early or recover from the disease being studied.
Selection bias
Attrition bias
Significant numbers of a certain population are lost to follow up and the remaining population is different from them.
Selection bias
Recall Bias
Subjects with negative outcomes are more likely to report certain exposures than control subjects.
Observational bias
Observer Bias
Observers misclassify data due to preconceived notions or different interpretations
Observational bias
Reporting Bias
Subjects misreport based on social stigma
Observational bias
Surveillance Bias
Risk factor itself causes increased monitoring in the exposed group relative to the unexposed group.
Observational bias
Lead Time Bias
When the application of a test prolongs the survival of the participants
Confounding
Mixing up of the effect of an exposure with the effect of an extraneous factor
Null Hypothesis
in general, states that there is no association between studied variables.
