Urology Flashcards
Which symptoms are suggestive of an obstructive urinary problem?
poor flow hesitancy intermittency terminal dribbling straining incomplete emptying
Which symptoms are suggestive of an irritative urinary problem?
frequency
urgency
nocturia
incontinence
what are some conditions that can cause obstructive urinary symptoms?
BPH
Ca prostate
stricture
what are some conditions that can cause irritative urinary symptoms?
secondary to obstruction UTI Ca bladder stone diabetes TB
medical drug treatment of obstructive urinary symptoms
alpha blockers
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
combination
what is acute urinary retention
sudden and PAINFUL inability to pass urine
Most common type of renal stones
Calcium oxalate
which medication do we give patients to help expel renal stones
alpha blockers
presentation of orchitis
large and tender testes with fever
What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
= EO aponeurosis and IO aponeurosis
What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
= transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon
What makes up the inferior wall of the inguinal canal?
= inguinal ligament
What makes up the superior wall of the inguinal canal?
= arching fibres of IO and transversus abdominus
What is the difference between a direct and indirect inguinal hernia?
Direct = through abdominal wall Indirect = through inguinal canal
where do the lymphatics of the testicles drain to
para-aortic nodes
if mass - will be in the central abdomen
