Surgery Flashcards
What are the causes of fever immediately post surgery
Transfusion reaction Medication reaction Infection prior to surgery Trauma Malignant hyperthermia
What are the causes of an acute fever (first week) post surgery?
Hospital acquired pneumonia/aspiration pneumonia
IV site infection with bacteraemia
UTI
Surgical site infection
What are the causes of sub-acute fever (after the first week) in a post op patient?
Surgical sites IV sites DVT Drug reactions Other nosocomial infections
What are the causes of fever in a post op patient after a month?
Surgical site infection
viruses and transfusion (CMV)
What are the main investigations for breast lumps?
Older than 35 = mammography
Younger than 35 = US
A breast lump is smooth, rubbery, discrete, well-circumscribed, non-tender, mobile, hormone dependent?
Fibroadenoma
commonest diagnosis of sudden onset breast lump
fibrocystic change
what is the most likely diagnosis of a breast lump in a young woman
Fibroadenoma
fasting guidelines for adults before surgery
6 hours for solids 2 hours for clear fluids
difference between graft and flap
- graft = transferred tissue dependent on RECIPIENT SITE for vasculature
- flap = transferred tissue INDEPENDENT of recipient site (brings its own vasculature)
Where is a PICC line inserted and where does the tip sit?
Basilic vein. Tip in SVC
Where is a CVC line inserted and where does the tip sit?
IJV, subclavian, femoral or vein
Tip in SVC
What are the stages of ventilation (from least invasive to most invasive)
Bag and mask
Bag, mask and guedel
LMA and bag
ETT and ventilator
What are the % oxygen that can be delivered through the different prongs/masks etc
nasal prongs - 25%
hudson mask - 50%
Hudson mask + tusks = 60%
rebreathing bag - 70%
Explain the maintenance fluid rule
4,2,1 rule
- Give 4ml/hour/kg for the first 10kg of body weight
- Give 2ml/hour/kg for the second 10kg of body weight
- Remaining weight give 1ml/hour/kg
