Urology Flashcards
1
Q
- Sexually active female with a missed period for 6-7 weeks.
- Complaints of lower abdominal/pelvic pain or intermittent cramping.
- Pain worsens when in supine or with jarring.
- Pain can radiate to shoulder, if ruptured
A
- Ectopic Pregnancy
2
Q
- Teenage to young male complains of nodule, sensation, of heaviness, aching, one larger testicle.
- Can present as a new onset of hydrocele
- Usually painless and asymptomatic until metastasis.
- More common in White males age 15 to 30
A
- Testicular Cancer
3
Q
- Risk Factors for UTIs include
A
- Female gender = highest during reproductive years
- Pregnancy
- History of UTIs or History of recurrent UTIs
- Failure to void after sex (honeymoon bladder)
- Spermacide use
4
Q
- School-age male with complaints of abrupt onset of blue-colored round mass located on the testicular surface.
A
- Torsion of the Appendix Testes (Blue Dot Sign)
* Send to E/R
5
Q
This drug class is known to cause sexual dysfunction:
A
*SSRIs (Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft)…SSRIs are known to cause sexual dysfunction in males…Antidepressants (Bupropion/Wellbutrin) have less sexual dysfunction effects.
6
Q
If a woman is breastfeeding, what Vitamin supplement does her infant need IMMEDIATELY?
A
Vitamin D
7
Q
The most common cause of “NON-GONOCOCCAL” urethritis is:
A
Chlamydia Trachomatis
8
Q
- This develops in the testes, in approximately 3 months.
* It is stimulated by both testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A
Spermatogenesis
9
Q
The caloric content of breast milk and infant formula used:
A
20Kcal/30ml
10
Q
- Also known as the appendix of the testes.
- A small, round, pedunculated polyp-like structure that is attached to the testicular surface.
- Most commonly in school-aged boys
A
- Blue Dot Sign
* MEDICAL EMERGENCY: REFER TO E/R
11
Q
- Blue Dot Sign is caused by what?
A
- Infarction and Necrosis of the Appendix Testes
12
Q
- Treatment for Acute prostatitis in a male less than 35 years of age includes:
A
- Rocephin 250mg IM and Doxycycline 100mg BID x 10 days (usually due to S.T.I)
13
Q
- Treatment for Chronic prostatitis includes:
A
- Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, or Ofloxacin p.o daily for 4-6 weeks.
- Alternative: Bactrim B.I.D for 4-6 weeks
14
Q
What is the most common non-sexual cause of Acute Prostatitis in Adult to middle age men?
A
Enterobacter
15
Q
- What is the most common cause of Acute Prostatitis in Older men?
A
E. Coli and Proteus
16
Q
Proscar (Finesteride) is an example of a:
A
5-alpha reductase inhibitor
17
Q
- A yeast infection of the penis.
* Mainly found in uncircumcised, diabetic, and immunocompromised males.
A
- Balantitis
18
Q
- Treatment for Balantitis includes:
A
Topical Antifungals (azole) creams
19
Q
- Inflammatory localized disorder of the penis that causes fibrotic plaques on the tunica albuginea.
- Results in painful, crooked erections, with palpable nodules.
A
Peyronies Disease (Refer to Urologists)
20
Q
- 1st line medications for erectile dysfunction includes:
A
- Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (Sildenafil/Viagra and Vardenafil/Levitra)
- Take 30 to 60 minutes before sex
- Duration is 4 hours
21
Q
Sildenafil/Viagra and Vardenafil/Levitra should be taken how:
A
- On an empty stomach (foods and fats delay the action of the medication)
22
Q
- Taladafil/Cialis should be taken when?
A
- 2 hours before sex.
* Duration is 36 hours.
23
Q
- Foreskin stuck in the retracted position.
* Cannot be pushed back from glans penis due to edema.
A
Phimosis
24
Q
How many organism must a urinalysis read in order to be considered as a UTI
A
- 100,000 or 10,000 CFU of one organism.
- 10,000 or higher WBCs (Leukocytes)
- Nitrates (+)
25
Q
- Treatment for “Uncomplicated” UTI for women includes:
A
- 3 days of Nitrofurantoin/Macrobid (1st choice).
* Bactrim or Septra B.I.D for 3 days.
26
Q
- Uncomplicated UTI for men includes:
A
- 7-10 days of Nitrofurantoin/Macrobid (1st choice)
27
Q
- For complicated UTIs, treatment would include
A
- Antibiotic, and…
* Antispasmotic (Pyridium or Urispas)
28
Q
- What is the most common form of incontinence?
A
- Mixed-incontinence
29
Q
- Treatment for urge, stress, or mixed incontinence
A
- Weight loss
- Kegal Exercise (Pelvic muscle exercises)
- Frequent voiding
30
Q
- Filamentous structures are likely:
* Uniform, oval structures are likely:
A
- Hyphae
* Yeast
31
Q
- A prostate with a tumor with feel:
A
- Nodular
- Asymmetrical
- Indurated
32
Q
- Post menopausal bleeding, which pathologies should be considered 1st?
A
- Uterine Pathology, and…
* Endometrial Pathology
33
Q
- If a pap smear with HPV co-testing is negative, when would the next cervical cancer screening be done.
A
- In 5 years.
34
Q
- The American Cancer Society recommends that the average man starts screening for prostate cancer at what age?
A
- 50 years of age (Caucasians)
35
Q
- Hot flashes during menopause are related to a fluctuation in which hormone?
A
- Estrogen levels
36
Q
- The most common cause of epididymitis in men is?
A
- Chlamydia Trachomatis infection
37
Q
- The primary risk factor for the development of breast cancer in women of average risk is:
A
- Age
38
Q
- Common clinical presentation of an inguinal hernia is:
A
- Groin or Abdominal pain, with a scrotal mass
39
Q
- Infections of the upper urinary tract and renal parenchyma
* #1 risk factor is untreated/undertreated UTI
A
- Acute Pylelonephritis
40
Q
- The difference between pyelonephritis and UTI is:
A
- The presence of Pyuria.
41
Q
- Treatment for Acute Pyelonephritis includes:
A
- Fluroquinolones
- Augmentin + Rocephin (Quinolone allergy or inability to take quinolones)
- Must Get A Culture Before Starting Tx*
42
Q
- Screening Test is an ELISA
A
- HIV
43
Q
- This STI produces a Malodorous Discharge:
A
- Trichomoniasis and Bacterial Vaginosis
44
Q
- DNA probe is used for screening this STI
A
- Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
45
Q
- FTA-ABS and MHA-TP are diagnostic test for this STI
A
- Syphillis
46
Q
- The screening for Syphillis is:
A
- RPR or VDRL
47
Q
- Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis includes:
A
- Metronidazole (Flagyl) 500mg B.I.D x 7 days (Alternative from 1st line)
48
Q
- 1st line treatment for Trichomoniasis includes:
A
- Metronidazole/Flagyl 2mg p.o as a single dose or Tidazole 2mg p.o as a single dose
49
Q
- Known as a Chlamydial and/or Gonococcal infection of the liver capsule (NOT THE LIVER ITSELF).
- Results in extensive scarring between the liver capsule and abdominal contents.
A
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome (Peri-Hepatitis)
50
Q
- The scars of Peri-Hepatitis/Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome look like:
A
- Violin Strings
51
Q
Treatment for Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome, and “COMPLICATED” Chlamydia or Gonorrhea includes:
A
- Ceftriaxone 250 IM x 1 dose, plus…
* Doxycycline 100mg B.I.D x 14days
52
Q
- Acute febrile reaction than can occur during the 1st 24 hours after treatment of syphilis.
- An immune mediated reaction that usually resolves spontaneously.
- Treatment is supportive.
A
- Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
53
Q
- Treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis includes:
A
- Azythromycin 1gm p.o in a single dose, or…
* Doxycycline 100mg p.o B.I.D x 7 days
54
Q
- What medication is used for the treatment of chlamydia in pregnant women
A
- Azythromycin
55
Q
- STD with new onset of swollen red knee (or another joint) is usually caused by:
A
- Disseminated Gonorrheal Infection (DGI).
56
Q
A possible complication of severe eclampsia include:
A
- Abruptio Placenta
57
Q
- This culture is recommended for “Screening” to diagnose Pharyngeal gonorrheal or proctitis.
A
- Thayer-Martin Culture
58
Q
- Amenorrhea
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Breast Changes
- Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
**The above mentioned are what ____ signs of pregnancy
A
- Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
59
Q
- Red, tender, sometimes swollen lump on the affected scrotum.
- Usually caused by spread of bacteria from the urethra or bladder.
- Most common infections include chlamydia and/or gonorrhea.
A
- Epidymitis
60
Q
- Probable Signs of Pregnancy include:
A
- Goodell’s sign (Softening of the cervix)
- Chadwick’s sign (Blue coloration of the cervix and vagina)
- Hegar’s sign (softening of the uterine)
- Ballotment
- “Quickening” (baby movements)
61
Q
- To determine the effectiveness of the 5 alpha reductase inhibitor (Proscar), what needs to be done.
A
- Obtain a PSA and multiply by 2
* Proscar shrinks the prostate by 50%
62
Q
- TORCH infections can cause:
A
- Microcephaly.
- Mental Retardation.
- Hepatosplenomegaly.
- Intrauterine Growth Retardation.
63
Q
- Breast buds and Testicular growth take place in what Tanner Stage?
A
Tanner Stage II
64
Q
In Tanner Stage III, how do the breast on a female appear?
A
Breast and Areola development are on one mound
65
Q
When does “Menarche” begin
A
Within 1 to 2 years after Tanner Stage II
66
Q
Condyloma Acuminata are also known as:
A
Genital Warts from HPV
67
Q
A boggy prostate is usually indicative of:
A
- Bacterial prostatitis (NOT BPH)
68
Q
Surgical interventions for BPH should be considered in the following:
A
- Ineffective lifestyle modifications
- Recurrent UTIs
- Recurrent or persistent hematuria
- Bladder stones
- Renal insufficiency
69
Q
- Non-Infectious Epididymitis is common in
A
- Men who sit for long periods of time
- Men who lift “heavy” objects
- Men who do “extreme” upper body or abdomen workouts.
70
Q
- Vesicular or ulcerative lesions on the external genitalia (often not noted by the patient)
- Progresses to inguinal lymphadenitis or buboes.
- It is caused by “Chlamydia Trachomatis”
A
- Lymphogranulomas
71
Q
Treatment for Epididymitis in a male
A
- Cetriaxone 250mg I.M x one, then…
- Doxycycline 100mg B.I.D x 10 days
- * Treat just like GC Chlamydia**
72
Q
Treatment for Epididymitis in a male > 35 years of age
A
- Ciprofloxacin 500mg daily x 7-10 days, or…
- Levofloxacin 500mg to 750mg daily x 10-14 days, or…
- Ofloxacin 300mg daily x 10 days
* Give a Fluroquinolone*
73
Q
- Acute onset of Suprapubic or Perineal pain/discomfort, that may radiate to the back or rectum.
- High Fever and Chills
- UTI symptoms such as urinary frequency, dysuria, nocturia, or cloudy urine.
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) reveals a warm, BOGGY, tender prostate
A
- Acute Prostatitis
74
Q
- Chronic Prostatitis symptoms include:
A
- Gradual onset
- Prostate can feel normal
- May be asymptomatic or may have “Irritatiing” UTI symptoms: urinary frequency, dysuria, nocturia
- ***NO SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS (i.e fever, chills)
75
Q
- Adverse effects of Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (Viagra/sildenafil, Vardenafil/Levitra, Taladenafil/Cialis) include:
A
- Headache
- Flushing
- Priaprism
- HYPOTENSION
76
Q
- Abrupt onset of painful, red, swollen testicle
- Frequently accompanied by nausea/vomiting
- Cremasteric reflex is MISSING
- A medical emergency (Refer to E/R)
A
- Testicular Torsion
77
Q
- What is the “Cremasteric Reflex”
A
- Whichever thigh is stroke, the testicle on that side (ipsilateral side) will rise closer to the body.
- Missing Cremasteric Reflex = Testicular Torsion (send to E/R).
78
Q
- CryptoOrchidism increases the risk of:
A
- Testicular Cancer
79
Q
- A WBC cast is significant of
A
- Pyelonephritis
80
Q
- An RBC cast and proteinuria are diagnostic for:
A
- Glomerulonephritis
