Urology Flashcards
1
Q
- Sexually active female with a missed period for 6-7 weeks.
- Complaints of lower abdominal/pelvic pain or intermittent cramping.
- Pain worsens when in supine or with jarring.
- Pain can radiate to shoulder, if ruptured
A
- Ectopic Pregnancy
2
Q
- Teenage to young male complains of nodule, sensation, of heaviness, aching, one larger testicle.
- Can present as a new onset of hydrocele
- Usually painless and asymptomatic until metastasis.
- More common in White males age 15 to 30
A
- Testicular Cancer
3
Q
- Risk Factors for UTIs include
A
- Female gender = highest during reproductive years
- Pregnancy
- History of UTIs or History of recurrent UTIs
- Failure to void after sex (honeymoon bladder)
- Spermacide use
4
Q
- School-age male with complaints of abrupt onset of blue-colored round mass located on the testicular surface.
A
- Torsion of the Appendix Testes (Blue Dot Sign)
* Send to E/R
5
Q
This drug class is known to cause sexual dysfunction:
A
*SSRIs (Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft)…SSRIs are known to cause sexual dysfunction in males…Antidepressants (Bupropion/Wellbutrin) have less sexual dysfunction effects.
6
Q
If a woman is breastfeeding, what Vitamin supplement does her infant need IMMEDIATELY?
A
Vitamin D
7
Q
The most common cause of “NON-GONOCOCCAL” urethritis is:
A
Chlamydia Trachomatis
8
Q
- This develops in the testes, in approximately 3 months.
* It is stimulated by both testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A
Spermatogenesis
9
Q
The caloric content of breast milk and infant formula used:
A
20Kcal/30ml
10
Q
- Also known as the appendix of the testes.
- A small, round, pedunculated polyp-like structure that is attached to the testicular surface.
- Most commonly in school-aged boys
A
- Blue Dot Sign
* MEDICAL EMERGENCY: REFER TO E/R
11
Q
- Blue Dot Sign is caused by what?
A
- Infarction and Necrosis of the Appendix Testes
12
Q
- Treatment for Acute prostatitis in a male less than 35 years of age includes:
A
- Rocephin 250mg IM and Doxycycline 100mg BID x 10 days (usually due to S.T.I)
13
Q
- Treatment for Chronic prostatitis includes:
A
- Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, or Ofloxacin p.o daily for 4-6 weeks.
- Alternative: Bactrim B.I.D for 4-6 weeks
14
Q
What is the most common non-sexual cause of Acute Prostatitis in Adult to middle age men?
A
Enterobacter
15
Q
- What is the most common cause of Acute Prostatitis in Older men?
A
E. Coli and Proteus
16
Q
Proscar (Finesteride) is an example of a:
A
5-alpha reductase inhibitor
17
Q
- A yeast infection of the penis.
* Mainly found in uncircumcised, diabetic, and immunocompromised males.
A
- Balantitis
18
Q
- Treatment for Balantitis includes:
A
Topical Antifungals (azole) creams
19
Q
- Inflammatory localized disorder of the penis that causes fibrotic plaques on the tunica albuginea.
- Results in painful, crooked erections, with palpable nodules.
A
Peyronies Disease (Refer to Urologists)
20
Q
- 1st line medications for erectile dysfunction includes:
A
- Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (Sildenafil/Viagra and Vardenafil/Levitra)
- Take 30 to 60 minutes before sex
- Duration is 4 hours
21
Q
Sildenafil/Viagra and Vardenafil/Levitra should be taken how:
A
- On an empty stomach (foods and fats delay the action of the medication)
22
Q
- Taladafil/Cialis should be taken when?
A
- 2 hours before sex.
* Duration is 36 hours.
23
Q
- Foreskin stuck in the retracted position.
* Cannot be pushed back from glans penis due to edema.
A
Phimosis
24
Q
How many organism must a urinalysis read in order to be considered as a UTI
A
- 100,000 or 10,000 CFU of one organism.
- 10,000 or higher WBCs (Leukocytes)
- Nitrates (+)
25
* Treatment for "Uncomplicated" UTI for women includes:
* 3 days of Nitrofurantoin/Macrobid (1st choice).
| * Bactrim or Septra B.I.D for 3 days.
26
* Uncomplicated UTI for men includes:
* 7-10 days of Nitrofurantoin/Macrobid (1st choice)
27
* For complicated UTIs, treatment would include
* Antibiotic, and...
| * Antispasmotic (Pyridium or Urispas)
28
* What is the most common form of incontinence?
* Mixed-incontinence
29
* Treatment for urge, stress, or mixed incontinence
* Weight loss
* Kegal Exercise (Pelvic muscle exercises)
* Frequent voiding
30
* Filamentous structures are likely:
| * Uniform, oval structures are likely:
* Hyphae
| * Yeast
31
* A prostate with a tumor with feel:
* Nodular
* Asymmetrical
* Indurated
32
* Post menopausal bleeding, which pathologies should be considered 1st?
* Uterine Pathology, and...
| * Endometrial Pathology
33
* If a pap smear with HPV co-testing is negative, when would the next cervical cancer screening be done.
* In 5 years.
34
* The American Cancer Society recommends that the average man starts screening for prostate cancer at what age?
* 50 years of age (Caucasians)
35
* Hot flashes during menopause are related to a fluctuation in which hormone?
* Estrogen levels
36
* The most common cause of epididymitis in men is?
* Chlamydia Trachomatis infection
37
* The primary risk factor for the development of breast cancer in women of average risk is:
* Age
38
* Common clinical presentation of an inguinal hernia is:
* Groin or Abdominal pain, with a scrotal mass
39
* Infections of the upper urinary tract and renal parenchyma
| * #1 risk factor is untreated/undertreated UTI
* Acute Pylelonephritis
40
* The difference between pyelonephritis and UTI is:
* The presence of Pyuria.
41
* Treatment for Acute Pyelonephritis includes:
* Fluroquinolones
* Augmentin + Rocephin (Quinolone allergy or inability to take quinolones)
* ***Must Get A Culture Before Starting Tx****
42
* Screening Test is an ELISA
* HIV
43
* This STI produces a Malodorous Discharge:
* Trichomoniasis and Bacterial Vaginosis
44
* DNA probe is used for screening this STI
* Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
45
* FTA-ABS and MHA-TP are diagnostic test for this STI
* Syphillis
46
* The screening for Syphillis is:
* RPR or VDRL
47
* Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis includes:
* Metronidazole (Flagyl) 500mg B.I.D x 7 days (Alternative from 1st line)
48
* 1st line treatment for Trichomoniasis includes:
* Metronidazole/Flagyl 2mg p.o as a single dose or Tidazole 2mg p.o as a single dose
49
* Known as a Chlamydial and/or Gonococcal infection of the liver capsule (NOT THE LIVER ITSELF).
* Results in extensive scarring between the liver capsule and abdominal contents.
* Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome (Peri-Hepatitis)
50
* The scars of Peri-Hepatitis/Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome look like:
* Violin Strings
51
Treatment for Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome, and "COMPLICATED" Chlamydia or Gonorrhea includes:
* Ceftriaxone 250 IM x 1 dose, plus...
| * Doxycycline 100mg B.I.D x 14days
52
* Acute febrile reaction than can occur during the 1st 24 hours after treatment of syphilis.
* An immune mediated reaction that usually resolves spontaneously.
* Treatment is supportive.
* Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
53
* Treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis includes:
* Azythromycin 1gm p.o in a single dose, or...
| * Doxycycline 100mg p.o B.I.D x 7 days
54
* What medication is used for the treatment of chlamydia in pregnant women
* Azythromycin
55
* STD with new onset of swollen red knee (or another joint) is usually caused by:
* Disseminated Gonorrheal Infection (DGI).
56
A possible complication of severe eclampsia include:
* Abruptio Placenta
57
* This culture is recommended for "Screening" to diagnose Pharyngeal gonorrheal or proctitis.
* Thayer-Martin Culture
58
* Amenorrhea
* Nausea and Vomiting
* Breast Changes
* Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
**The above mentioned are what ____ signs of pregnancy
* Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
59
* Red, tender, sometimes swollen lump on the affected scrotum.
* Usually caused by spread of bacteria from the urethra or bladder.
* Most common infections include chlamydia and/or gonorrhea.
* Epidymitis
60
* Probable Signs of Pregnancy include:
* Goodell's sign (Softening of the cervix)
* Chadwick's sign (Blue coloration of the cervix and vagina)
* Hegar's sign (softening of the uterine)
* Ballotment
* "Quickening" (baby movements)
61
* To determine the effectiveness of the 5 alpha reductase inhibitor (Proscar), what needs to be done.
* Obtain a PSA and multiply by 2
| * Proscar shrinks the prostate by 50%
62
* TORCH infections can cause:
* Microcephaly.
* Mental Retardation.
* Hepatosplenomegaly.
* Intrauterine Growth Retardation.
63
* Breast buds and Testicular growth take place in what Tanner Stage?
Tanner Stage II
64
In Tanner Stage III, how do the breast on a female appear?
Breast and Areola development are on one mound
65
When does "Menarche" begin
Within 1 to 2 years after Tanner Stage II
66
Condyloma Acuminata are also known as:
Genital Warts from HPV
67
A boggy prostate is usually indicative of:
* Bacterial prostatitis (NOT BPH)
68
Surgical interventions for BPH should be considered in the following:
* Ineffective lifestyle modifications
* Recurrent UTIs
* Recurrent or persistent hematuria
* Bladder stones
* Renal insufficiency
69
* Non-Infectious Epididymitis is common in
* Men who sit for long periods of time
* Men who lift "heavy" objects
* Men who do "extreme" upper body or abdomen workouts.
70
* Vesicular or ulcerative lesions on the external genitalia (often not noted by the patient)
* Progresses to inguinal lymphadenitis or buboes.
* It is caused by "Chlamydia Trachomatis"
* Lymphogranulomas
71
Treatment for Epididymitis in a male
* Cetriaxone 250mg I.M x one, then...
* Doxycycline 100mg B.I.D x 10 days
* *** Treat just like GC Chlamydia****
72
Treatment for Epididymitis in a male > 35 years of age
* Ciprofloxacin 500mg daily x 7-10 days, or...
* Levofloxacin 500mg to 750mg daily x 10-14 days, or...
* Ofloxacin 300mg daily x 10 days
* ***Give a Fluroquinolone****
73
* Acute onset of Suprapubic or Perineal pain/discomfort, that may radiate to the back or rectum.
* High Fever and Chills
* UTI symptoms such as urinary frequency, dysuria, nocturia, or cloudy urine.
* Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) reveals a warm, BOGGY, tender prostate
* Acute Prostatitis
74
* Chronic Prostatitis symptoms include:
* Gradual onset
* Prostate can feel normal
* May be asymptomatic or may have "Irritatiing" UTI symptoms: urinary frequency, dysuria, nocturia
* ***NO SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS (i.e fever, chills)
75
* Adverse effects of Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (Viagra/sildenafil, Vardenafil/Levitra, Taladenafil/Cialis) include:
* Headache
* Flushing
* Priaprism
* HYPOTENSION
76
* Abrupt onset of painful, red, swollen testicle
* Frequently accompanied by nausea/vomiting
* Cremasteric reflex is MISSING
* A medical emergency (Refer to E/R)
* Testicular Torsion
77
* What is the "Cremasteric Reflex"
* Whichever thigh is stroke, the testicle on that side (ipsilateral side) will rise closer to the body.
* Missing Cremasteric Reflex = Testicular Torsion (send to E/R).
78
* CryptoOrchidism increases the risk of:
* Testicular Cancer
79
* A WBC cast is significant of
* Pyelonephritis
80
* An RBC cast and proteinuria are diagnostic for:
* Glomerulonephritis
