Pharmacology Flashcards
Potent CYP450 enzyme inhibitor drugs includes (Remember MACCC)
- Macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin)
- Antifungals (ketoconazole, fluconazole)
- Cisapride (propulsid - pull off the U.S market)
- Cimetidine (Tagamet)
- Citaprolam (Celexa)
Patients with both hypertension and osteoporosis have an extra benefit from ________ because they decrease calcium excretion by the kidney and stimulate osteoclast formation.
- Thiazides
What is an alternative to patients who have a serious sulfa allergy and CANNOT take hydrochlorothiazides?
- Potassium-Sparing diurectics
- Triamterene/Dyrenium
- Amiloride/Midamor
- Spironolactone/Aldactone
What adverse effects do ACE-I and ARBs have
- Angioedema
- ACE-I associated cough
- Hyerkalemia
1st line treatment for hypertension in non-black diabetics
- ACE-I or ARBs (renal protectors)
Hypertensive drugs that is also 1st line for Raynaud’s Phenomenon
- Calcium Channel Blockers (Amlodipine, Diltiazem/Cardizem, Nifedipine/Procardia)
Alpha Blockers, Beta Blockers, and Calcium Channel Blockers are contraindicated in:
- AV Block (2nd and 3rd degree block)
- Bradycardia
- CHF
Respiratory contraindications of Beta Blockers include:
- Asthma
* COPD
Beta Blockers blunts this response, therefore diabetics need to be warned.
- Hypoglycemic response (May not show signs until at dangerous level)
A good alternative antibiotic for PCN allergy, for gram positive bacteria is:
- Macrolides (Clarithromycin, Azithromycin)
In patient with Mononucleosis and Strep, which medications should they avoid
- Amoxicillin
- Ampicillin
- They can take Penicillin, if not allergic, or Macrolides if PCN allergy*
Maximum dose of Clarithromycin is:
- 250mg
If a patient complains of G.I upset with erythromycin (Macrolides), which antibiotic is a good alternative
- Azythromycin (Macrolide) if their is no Macrolide allergy
* G.I upset is not an allergy to Marcolides, it is an adverse effect usually associated with Erythromycin.
- May cause permanent discoloration of teeth and skeletal defects if taken during the last half of pregnancy
- Generally used to treat acne starting at age 13
- Tetracyclines
1st line treatment for chlamydia and “Atypical” bacterial infections
- Doxycycline PO B.I.D (Tetracycline)
1st line treatment for Gonococchal infections
- Rocephin (Ceftriaxone) IM
If a patient has a true allergy to penicillin (anaphylaxis or angioedema), they are more likely to have a reaction to which drug class
- Cephalosporins
Which antibiotic medications are not to be used on children (anyone less than 18 years of age)
- Fluroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones have an increased risk of what complication
- Tendon rupture (particularly Achilles Tendon Rupture)
Respiratory quinolones include:
- Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
* Moxifloxacin
Patient with a UTI and already taking Coumadin, should not be treated with which antibiotic
- Bactrim (TMP-SMX)
Drugs that require Eye examinations
- Plaquenil (permanent loss of vision)
- Digoxin (yellow to green vision, blurred vision)
- Fluoroquinolones (Retinal detachment)
- Ethambutal and Linezolid (optic neuropathy)
- Accutane/Isotrenitoin (cataracts, ↓ night vision)
- Topamax (acute angle-closure glaucoma)
Propulsid (Cisapride) is known to cause which “serious” adverse reactions:
- Cardiac Arrythmias (V-fib, V-tach, Torsades, Prolong QT interval)
- Check EKG at baseline, and check electrolytes
Treatment for Polymyalgia Rheumatica is
- Steroids (dramatic relief in symptoms)
Steroids are good in treating which type of disorders
- Autoimmune Disorders
ACE-I are known to cause angioedema in which particular race
African Americans
Foods that have a high level of vitamin K
- Green Vegetables
- Mayonnaise
- Canola Oil
- Soybean Oil
Cardio-Selective Beta-Blockers are:
- Beta 1 only blockers (only for heart)
- Metoprolol/Lopressor
- Atenolol/Tenormin
Non-Cardio Selective Beta-Blockers are:
- Beta 1 and Beta 2 blockers (Lungs and Heart)
- Propanolol
- Hismolol
- Timolol
These medications are associated with a high risk of weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes.
- Atypical Antipsychotics, including…
- Resperidone/Respiral
- Olanzapine/Zyprexa
- Quietipine/Seroquel
Vancomycin and Clindamycin (Cleocin) are associated with high risk
- Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff)
Drug Class used to treat N. Gonorrhea
- 3rd Generation Cephalosporins (Rocephin I.M)
1st line treatment for MRSA skin infections (i.e MRSA boils and abscess)
- Bactrim DS B.I.D (5-10 days)
* Clindamycin T.I.D (5-10 days)
This class of medication should be avoided in patients with heart failure, severe heart disease, GI bleeding, and severe renal disease
- NSAIDs
Avoid mixing ________ and sulfa drugs, because they can increase INR and bleeding rsik
- Warfarin
The FDA category of Proscar (Finasteride) is:
Category X
Medication class that is used for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder:
Anti-depressants: (Clomipramine/Anafranil, Fluboxamine/Luvox, Fluoxetine/Prozac, Paroxetine/Paxil and Pexeva, and Sertraline/Zoloft)
