G.I

Question 1

• Rapid onset of acute epigastric regional abdominal pain that radiates to the midback (boring).
• Accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting

Answer 1

• Acute Pancreatitis

Question 2

• A bluish or yellowish discoloration around the umbilicus

* Associated with Acute Pancreatitis

Answer 2

• Cullen’s Sign

Question 3

• A blue discoloration on the flank side of the abdomen.

* Associated with Acute Pancreatitis

Answer 3

• Grey-Turner Sign

Question 4

• Left lower quadrant abdominal pain.

* Accompanied with acute fever, anorexia, and nausea/vomiting

Answer 4

• Acute Diverticulitis

Question 5

• A gastrinoma located on the pancreas OR the stomach, which secretes GASTRIN.
• Gastrin increases the production of stomach acid to high levels.

Answer 5

• Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Question 6

• The end result of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome is:

Answer 6

• Multiple and severe ulcers in the stomach and duodenum

Question 7

• Patient with ______ are at increased risk for Colon Cancer

Answer 7

• Chron’s Disease

* Multiple Polyps

Question 8

What is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Answer 8

• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Descending Colon
• Left Kidney

Question 9

• In the supine position, flex the hip 90 degrees, then ask the patient to push against resistance to straighten leg.
• Positive if pain noted during procedure.
• Abdominal maneuver to check for Acute Appendicitis or any retroperitoneal process issues.

Answer 9

• Psoas or Illipsoas sign

Question 10

• In the supine position, rotate the hip through full range of motion.
• Pain with movement or flexion of the hip is a positive sign
• Abdominal maneuver to check for Acute Appendicitis or retroperitoneal process issues.

Answer 10

• Obturator Sign

Question 11

• During deep inspiration, the examiner presses deeply on the upper right quadrant of the abdomen.
• Mid-inspiratory arrest is a positive finding.

Answer 11

• Murphy’s Sign

Question 12

• Where is McBurney’s Point located

Answer 12

• Right lower quadrant of the abdomen.

* Located between the superior iliac crest and umbilicus.

Question 13

• Have patient to raise heels and then drop suddenly.
• It is an alternative to jumping in place.
• Positive in pain elicited during the exam, or patient refuses.

Answer 13

• Markle or Heel Jar Test.

Question 14

• It is noted a pre-cancer to Esophageal Cancer.

Answer 14

• Barrett’s esophagus

Question 15

• What the difference between H-Pylori (+) and H-Pylori (-) ulcers

Answer 15

• H-Pylori (+) ulcers require antibiotic therapy.

Question 16

• H-Pylori is resistance to:

Answer 16

• Clarythromycin and Metronidazole (must add amoxicillin to Clarithromycin, and add tetracycline to metronidazole)

Question 17

• Screening test for Hep B

* If positive (+), patient has the virus and is infectious.

Answer 17

• HB”s”Ag (HBsAg) - The “s” is for surface antigen.

Question 18

• Anti-HBs (+) means.

Answer 18

• Hepatitis B antibodies are present and the patient is immune.
• Presence may be due to past infection or vaccination.

Question 19

• HBeAg (+) means…

Answer 19

• Indicates acute/active viral infection.

Question 20

• Anti-HCV (+) means.

Answer 20

• Hepatitis C (+)

Question 21

• Alkaline phosphate is usually more sensitive when?

Answer 21

• During teen years.

Question 22

• Sigmoid Colon
• Left Ovary
• *The above mentioned are located where in the abdomen?

Answer 22

• Left lower quadrant

Question 23

• The most common risk factor for Hepatitis A is:

Answer 23

• International Travel

Question 24

• A (+) IgG means.

Answer 24

• Immunity by way of past disease or vaccination.

Question 25

• The most common reported risk for Hepatitis B is

Answer 25

• Sexual exposure

Question 26

• The confirmatory test for Hep C is:

Answer 26

• RIBA (Recombinant Immunoblot Assay)

Question 27

• In an alcoholic which liver enzyme is higher, ALT or AST?

Answer 27

• AST

Question 28

• The caloric content of infant formula and breast milk is:

Answer 28

• 20Kcal/30ml

Question 29

• The majority of serum alpha fetoprotein is produced by

Answer 29

• Fetal liver

Question 30

• Normal bowel habits, with alternating diarrhea and constipation episodes.
• Mucus present in stools.
• Electrolyte imbalances due to diarrhea
• Bi-modal distribution: can occur at 15-40 years and/or 50-80 years of age.
• Diarrhea (often bloody)
• Fever and fatigue are common
• Ulcerative Colitis vs. Chron’s
• *The above mentioned are indicative of:

Answer 30

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Question 31

What are some “extraintestinal” manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Answer 31

• Arthritis

* Uveitis and Iritis