Urology Flashcards
cremesteric reflex present + testicular pain
prehn’s sign + ( pain relieved on elevation of the testicle)
Epididymo-orchitis
What is E-O due to in
a) younger < 30
b) older patients
a) Sexually active , tends to be chlamydia = NAAT
b) Older patient = MSSU , for UTI
SCANS for
a) Renal COLIC
b) PCKD
a) non contrast CT KUB
b) PCKD- USS
Management of testicular torsion ?
Urgent surgical exploration: This is crucial to confirm the diagnosis and to attempt to salvage the testicle.
- Bilateral orchidopexy to prevent future torsion
what’s
a) phimosis
b) Parphimosis
a) can’t retract foreskin
b) foreskin won’t go back into original position , can lead to ischemia of glans penis
signs of RCC?
follow up scan for staging of RCC?
- haematuria
- loin pain
-flank mass - varicocele
- METS on chest x ray showing cannon balls
1) CT abdomen with arterial and venous phases
management of urinary retention ?
1- catheter then work out cause
Obstructive causes such as BPH:
alpha blockers- Tamsulosin
5-A reductase inhibitors- Finasteride
remember Tom Ford
Management for BPH
Alpha blocker - TOM - Tamsulosin
5-alpha reductase inhibitor - FORD - Finasteride
a) stones less than 5mm
b) obstructive stones
c) stones less than 2cm and in pregnant women ( in bad places or severe cases)
d) stag horn calculi
a) just watch and observe they should passion their own
b) Obstruction can cause hydronephrosis –> Uteroscopic stone removal or percutaneous Nephrostomy
c) less than 2cm = Lithotripsy in pregnant women ureteroscopy
d) staghorn.- percutaneous nephrolithotomy
signs of bladder cancer
which is the most common cancer of the bladder
main risk factor
painless haematuria + recurrent UTI + Hydronephrosis + weightloss and nigh sweats ( AGE> 65)
transitional cell carcinoma is the most common
SMOKING, AMINES ARE BIG RISK FACTORS
bladder cancer investigations
CT Urogram
flexible cystoscopy
TURP side effects
impotence
prostatitis
Prostatitis treatment
ORAL ciprofloxacin
