Oncology Flashcards
Spinal chord compression can be due to which ?
investigation for SCC
Thoracic spine
Lumbar
Cervical
MRI SPINE
most common cancers which met to bone ?
Breast
Prostate
Lung
Multiple Myeloma
What are the symptoms of spinal chord compression ?
1- bladder dysfunction
2-Bowel dysfunction
3-Weakness
4- Hypoesthesia
Superior vena cava obstruction
(symptoms)
- gradual onset , SOB , Swelling of face and arms
- Cough
- syncope
- hoarseness
Causes of SVCO ? Investigation of choice
- Lung cancer 85%
- Lymphoma
- CT chest = GOLD LINE
Management of SVCO ACUTE
ABCDE approach , sit upright and high flow oxygen
- Dexamethasone 8mg BD WITH PPI
CHRONIC SVCO management
SVCO
- Stenting - NSCLC
-Chemotherapy - for chemosensitive tumours ( small cell , lymphoma , germ cell )
-Radiotherapy - Poor Prognosis , previous chemotherapy and relapse
Most common tumours that met to brain ?
- lung cancer
- breast cancer
- melanoma
Gold line investigation for brain Mets and treatment
- contrast enhanced CT
- Dexamethasone 8mg PO/IV bd + PPI
TO REDUCE tumour associated oedema
Hypercalcaemia symptoms
Bones , moans , groans and psychiatric undertones
+. Fatigue
+ joint pain
+ nausea and vomiting
+ confusion , lethargy
Hypercalcaemia symptoms
- dehydration ( due to ca2+ being excreted in urine so concentration defect in kidney tubules )
- Sign of dehydration include :
- dry mucous membranes
- reduced skin turgor
- tachycardia
- postural hypotension
Treatment for Hypercalcaemia?
Immediate dehydration IV 0.9% NaCl
IV bisphosphonate ( moves ca2+ back to bones )
Discontinue meds that increase ca2+
PE diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis = CT PA
treatment:
,O2 and Analgesia
LMWH- Enoxaparin ( if on chemotherapy )
DOAC - Apixaban / rivaroxaban
thrombolysis indicated if BP< 90
Neutropenia sepsis criteria ?
Absolute Neutrophil count ( ANC) < 1x10^9
Sepsis :
- Temperature > 38 degrees
- HR > 90bp,
- RR> 20
Neutropenia sepsis treatment?
GIVE 3
- Fluids
- Oxygen
- IV antibiotics
TAKE 3 :
- Blood
- lactate
- Urine output
