Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Urological emergencies > Flashcards

Urological emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause acute urinary retention?

A

Prostate infection

Bladder overdilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In who is acute urinary retention common?

A

Men with BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of acute urinary retention?

A

Spontaneous

Precipitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can precipitate acute urinary retention?

A

Catheterisation
Instrumentation
Anaesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What clinical signs can be seen in acute urinary retention?

A

Full, palpable bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is acute urinary retention solved?

A

If less than 1 litre then try alpha blocker.

If not, then catheterise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What drugs can be given for calculi?

A

NSAIDs and opiate for pain

Alpha blocker to pass small stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what point will stones that have not been passed require investigation?

A

After 1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What imaging modality is used to view calculi?

A

CT

No contrast!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What presentation of calculi needs urgent treatment?

A

Pyrexia
Persistent n&v
High grade obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some options of treating kidney stones?

A

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Ureteric stent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If haematuria presents, what imaging would you use?

A

CT urogram with contrast

Cystoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can haematuria be a sign of?

A 
Trauma
Infection
Stones
Tumour
BPH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What investigation is done for the acute scrotum?

A

Doppler USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the blue dot sign?

A

Torsion of testicular appendage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What may be seen on examination of spermatic cord torsion?

A

Testis high in scrotum
Transverse lie
Absence of cremasteric reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the cremasteric reflex?

A

When inner thigh is lightly stroked the the testis should ascend due to contraction of cremaster muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can testicular appendage torsion and spermatic cord torsion be differentiated?

A

Cremaster reflex present in appendage torsion

Testis are mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is testicular appendage torsion fixed?

A

Will resolve spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the symptoms of epididymitis?

A

Pyrexia

Hydrocoele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What causes epidiymitis?

A

Chlamydia

UTI

22
Q

On examination what is seen with epididymitis?

A

Cremaster reflex present

Doppler shows swollen epididymis

23
Q

What investigations should be done for epididymitis?

A

Urine culture

Chlamydia PCR

24
Q

What is the treatment for epididymitis?

A

Analgesia
Rest
Ofloxacin

25
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Swelling of foreskin distal to the phimotic ring

26
Q

When does paraphimosis occur?

A

When foreskin retracted and not replaced

27
Q

What is the treatment for paraphimosis?

A

Iced glove
Granulated sugar
Manual replacement of foreskin

28
Q

What is priapism?

A

Prolonged erection (>4hrs), not associated with sexual arousal

29
Q

What might cause a priapism?

A

trauma
intracorporeal injection
sickle cell

30
Q

How can priapism be classified?

A

Ischaemic

Non-ischaemic

31
Q

What is ischaemic priapism?

A

Vascular stasis in penis and decreased venous outflow

32
Q

What is non-ischaemic priapism?

A

Due to trauma to penile vascularisation

33
Q

What is the treatment for non-ischaemic priapism?

A

May resolve spontaneously

34
Q

What is the treatment for ischaemic priapism?

A

Aspiration

Injection of alpha-agonist

35
Q

What is Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Necrotising fasciitis around male genitalia

36
Q

What pre-disposes to Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Diabetes
Trauma
Perianal infection

37
Q

What does Fournier’s gangrene look like?

A

Swollen, erythematous, tender, painful, systemic toxicity.

38
Q

What investigations are needed for Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Plain X ray to confirm gas in tissues

39
Q

What is the treatment for Fournier’s?

A

Abx

Surgical debridement

40
Q

What is emphysematous pyelonephritis?

A

Necrotising infection of renal parenchyma by E Coli

41
Q

In who does emphysematous pyelonephritis occur?

A

Diabetics

42
Q

What symptoms may be present with emphysematous pyelonephritis?

A

Fever
Vomiting
Flank pain
Ureteric obstruction

43
Q

What investigations are done for emphysematous pyelonephritis?

A

KUB shows gas

CT shows extent

44
Q

What is the treatment for emphysematous pyelonephritis?

A

Nephrectomy

45
Q

How many classifications of renal trauma are there?

A

5

46
Q

If there is a laceration through the collecting system what classification of trauma is present?

A

4

47
Q

If there is a laceration of less than 1cm what classification of renal trauma is present?

A

2

48
Q

What symptoms point towards a bladder trauma?

A

Suprapubic pain
Inability to void
Guarding
Diminished bowel sounds

49
Q

What investigation must be done if blood at external meatus?

A

Retrograde urethrogram

50
Q

What is likely to happen with a pelvic fracture?

A

Bladder trauma

Urethral damage

51
Q

What is a butterfly haematoma?

A

Blood spread to anus in a symmetrical pattern

Sign of urethral injury

52
Q

What are the possible consequences of penile fracture?

A

ED
Permanent curvature
Pain during intercourse

Renal (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions