Renal Carcinomas Flashcards
What are some benign tumours on the kidney which can be misdiagnosed as cancer?
Renal cysts
Oncocytoma
Angiomyolipoma
What is the main imaging form of kidneys?
USS
What significance do renal cysts have?
70% benign and asymptomatic.
What is an angiomyolipoma?
Benign tumour of vessels, fat and muscles
What is angiomyolipoma associated with?
Tuberose sclerosis
Why can angiomyolipoma be an issue?
Vessels are fragile so haemorrhage can occur
How are angiomyolipomas treated?
Embolisation
True or False
Oncocytoma metastasises to the liver
False.
Oncocytoma does not metastasise.
How is an oncocytoma diagnosed?
At nephrectomy so may or may not be a renal cell cancer
What does an oncocytoma look like?
Radial scarring from central spindle.
Stellate scar
What is the classic presentation for a renal cell carcinoma?
Classic triad of
loin pain
Renal mass
Frank haematuria
True or False
Renal cell carcinoma never causes weight loss
False.
Paraneoplastic syndrome is very common
At what age range is renal cell carcinoma common?
65-75
What kind of cell is a renal cell carcioma?
Adenocarcinoma
Where is the RCC commonly found?
PCT
What does a multifocal or bilateral RCC point towards?
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
What is von Hippel Lindau syndrome?
?
What imaging is good for a RCC?
Triple phase CT
No contrast
Contrast
Then collecting duct
Where does RCC metastasise to?
Lungs
Liver
Bone
Brain
Describe the spread of a RCC
Within capsule (S1) Perinephric Fat (S2) Regional lymph nodes/renal vein (S3) Adjacent organs (S4)
What is the treatment for RCC?
Radical nephrectomy. Removal of whole kidney and perinephric fat
True or False
The adrenal gland is usually taken with a nephrectomy
False.
Only take if involved
What treatment can be given to patients with metastatic RCC?
Il2
Interferon alpha
