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Renal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

When the kidney is acting as an endocrine gland, what does it produce?

A

Renin

Erythropoietin

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2
Q

What is the renal hilum?

A

Site of entry of renal artery and exit of renal vein and ureter

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3
Q

What are the two major zones to the kidney?

A

Cortex

Medulla

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4
Q

What is the orientation of the medullary pyramids?

A

Apices point towards the hilum

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5
Q

What is the components of the nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle

Renal tubules

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6
Q

What name is given to the capillaries which form the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus

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7
Q

What is the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Layer of cells that hold the knot of capillaries and allow diffusion

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8
Q

What cell makes up the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What supplies the glomerulus with blood?

A

Afferent arteriole

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10
Q

Which two cell layers separate the blood from glomerular filtrate?

A

Capillary endothelium

Podocytes

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11
Q

What lies between the layers of capillary endothelium and the podocytes?

A

Basal lamina made up of glycosaminoglycans

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12
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

They form the core of connective tissue of the glomerulus

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13
Q

Why is it important that the epithelium is fenestrated?

A

So larger proteins can pass from capillary to Bowman’s space

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14
Q

What type of cell makes up the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial with substantial microvilli

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15
Q

Where is the Loop of Henle?

A

Medulla

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16
Q

What cell makes up the thin loop of Henle ?

A

Simple squamous

17
Q

What cell makes up the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial

18
Q

How is the DCT different from the PCT?

A

lacks microvilli

DCT is thicker and has smaller luminal space

19
Q

What are medullary rays?

A

Collecting ducts, straight segments of proximal and distal tubules and gathered together in these parallel bundles

20
Q

What cells make up the collecting ducts?

A

Columnar epithelium

21
Q

What makes up the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells
Extraglomerular mesangial cells

22
Q

What do the macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus do?

A

On DCT side, nearest the afferent arteriole.

Sense ion composition in the DCT

23
Q

What do the juxtaglomerular cells do?

A

These are smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole.

Secrete renin.

24
Q

What is another name for transitional epithelium?

A

Urothelium

25
Q

Describe urothelium

A

Stratified

3-6 layers thick, with varying thickness

26
Q

What cells are present at the luminal surface of the urothelium?

A

Umbrella cells

27
Q

What kind of cell is the distal urethra lined with?

A

Stratified squamous

28
Q

What cell makes up the prostate?

A

Simple columnar secretory epithelium

Renal (16 decks)

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