Uroliths

Question 1

What are the two common types of ureteroliths and uroliths encountered in the horse

Answer 1

The correct answer is calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Although ureteroliths and uroliths are not terribly common in the horse, these are the stones you would expect to encounter.

Question 2

What is the most likely type of stone in a PSS?

Answer 2

urate

Question 3

Which type of urolith occurs most commonly in western U.S. range cattle grazing mature grasses as shown in the photo? I

Answer 3

silicate

Question 4

What type of urinary stone is likely to form in an animal being treated with too much allopurinol?

Answer 4

Xanthine

Question 5

Most bladder stones in rabbits are primarily composed of _________?

Answer 5

Calcium carbonate

Question 6

What type of urolith is common in ferrets?

Answer 6

struvite

Question 7

What are struvite stones made of?

Answer 7

magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 8

Struvite stones are usually seen in association with?

Answer 8

Large bladder stones in the presence of UTI and alkaline urine are usually struvite, particularly when accompanied by struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) crystalluria. In dogs, struvite stones are almost invariably infection-associated. The infecting organisms are usually urease-producers (Staphylococus, Proteus, Klebsiella, some E. coli) which alkalinize the urine and favor struvite formation. The single most important long-term management is prevention of infection.

Question 9

What CS do you see with calicum oxalate stones?

Answer 9

Calcium oxalate stones are usually small (1 cm or less), are often present in the absence of UTI, and cannot be dissolved.

Question 10

What is the cause of cystine stones?

Answer 10

Cystine stones occur most often in Newfoundland dogs, dachshunds, and bulldogs. They are radiolucent and occur due to metabolic defects.