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RCE > Urography/Pyelography > Flashcards

Urography/Pyelography Flashcards

1
Q

the general term for the radiographic examination of the urinary system with the use of a radiopaque contrast media

A

Pyelography/Urography

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2
Q

What are the methods of doing urography?

A
  1. Excretory (Antegrade)
  2. Retrograde
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3
Q
  • in this examination of the urinary system the contrast media is injected into the veins and the contrast medium will move downward
  • true functional study
  • traveling in the normal excretory direction of flow
A

Excretory (Antegrade)

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4
Q

IV Contrast Media may be administered by either?

A
  1. Bolus Injection
  2. Drip Infusion
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5
Q
  • one in which the entire dose of contrast media is injected into the venous system at one time
  • used typically for maximum contrast enhancement
A

Bolus Injection

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6
Q
  • introduction of contrast media with the use of catheter or against the flow of blood or gravity.
  • in this examination the contrast media is injected
    into the lower canal with the use of catheter and
    the contrast medium will move upward
  • non-functional examination of the urinary system
A

Retrograde

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6
Q
  • method whereby contrast media is introduced into the venous system via connective tubing attached to the I.V. site
A

Drip Infusion

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6
Q

What are the types of Excretory Urography?

A
  1. Routine pyelography
  2. Timed, Minute, Rapid, Hyertensive Pyelography/Urography
  3. Drip-Infusion Pyelography
  4. Excretory Urethrography
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7
Q
  • general or common method of examining the urinary tract for non-specific condition of the patient
A

Routine Pyelography

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8
Q
  • special method of examining the urinary tract for cases of patient’s with high blood pressure.
A

Timed, Minute, Rapid, Hypertensive Pyelography/Urography

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9
Q

– special radiographic examination of the urinary tract which is done when the ordinary or routine IVP fails to evaluate kidney functions.

A

Drip-Infusion Pyelography

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10
Q

– radiographic examination of the male urethra which is done during the time of micturation or urination.

A

Excretory Urethrography

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11
Q
  • x-ray films of the bladder and urethra taken after the bladder is filled with a contrast material and while the patient is expelling urine. .
A

Voiding Cystourethrography

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12
Q

What are the types of retrograde urography?

A
  1. Retrograde Pyelography
  2. Retrograde Ureterography
  3. Retrograde Cystography
  4. Retrograde Urethtograpy (RUG)
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13
Q

– radiographic examination of the renal pelvis and calyces, the ureters and bladder with the use of long
catheter and injection of dye in reverse pattern.

A

Retrograde Pyelography

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14
Q

– radiographic examination of the ureters in the reverse pattern.

A

Retrograde Ureterography

15
Q

– radiographic examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a retention catheter.

A

Retrograde Cystography

16
Q

– radiographic examination of the male urethra following the injection of a dye in the urethral meatus.

A

Retrograde Urethrography (RUG)

17
Q
  • radiographic procedure in which contrast media is injected intravenously
A

Excretory Urography or Intravenous Pyelography or Intravenous Urography

18
Q

What are the purpose of the study?

A

1 To visualize the collecting portion of the urinary system.
2. To assess the functional ability of the kidneys.
3. To evaluate the urinary system for pathology or anatomic anomalies

19
Q

What are the contrast media used?

A

Iodine-based solution such as Hypaque, Telebrix, Conray, Renografin and oth

20
Q

2 TYPES OF IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA AVAILABLE
FOR INTRAVENOUS USE

A
  1. Ionic - media whose molecules dissociate into 2 charged particles when place in solution, resulting in higher osmolality
  2. Non Ionic:
    - Produce fewer adverse reactions
    - more expensive
    - Media whose molecules remain whole in solution
21
Q
  • Flushing of the skin/ temporary hot flash
  • Metallic taste in the mouth
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Few hives or urticaria
A

Mild Reaction

22
Q
  • Exceeding number of hives or giant hives
  • Tachycardia
A

Moderate Reactions

22
Q
  • Dyspnea
  • Sudden hypotension
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Cardiac arrest
A

Severe Reactions

23
Q

abnormal condition of no urine production

A

Anuria

23
Q

Indication of the study:

A
  1. Ruling out of stones
  2. Presence of Inflammation
  3. Internal Defects
  4. Hydronephrosis
  5. Hematuria
24
Q

malignant tumor of cells (called plasma cells) in the bone marrow

A

Multiple myeloma

25
Q

a disorder of the pancreas that causes
an increase in blood glucose levels

A

Diabetes millitus

26
Q

tumor of the adrenal glands

A

Pheochromocytoma

27
Q

condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce urine

A

Renal Failure

28
Q

Patient Preparation:

A
  1. Light evening meal.
  2. Give either 4 dulcolax tablet or castor oil to facilitate evacuation.
  3. NPO after midnight.
  4. No breakfast and give dulcolax suppository.
  5. Report for the examination early in the morning.
29
Q

The patient should void just before the examination is performed for the following reasons:

A
  1. A bladder that is too full could rupture, especially if compression is applied early in the exam

2.Urine already present in the bladder dilutes the contrast media that accumulates there

30
Q

Materials needed for the examination:

A
  1. 30cc of contrast media
  2. 18-22 gauge needle (Adult) 23-25 gauge needle (pediatric)
  3. 1 ampoule or vial benadryl
  4. 2.5 ml syringe
  5. 250-500 ml D5W
  6. 30 cc syringe
  7. 1 Venoset
  8. Cold towel
  9. Emesis basin
31
Q

What are the projections in Urography?

A
  1. Scout AP Projection
  2. Nephrogram/Nephrotomogram
  3. 5 minute image AP Projection
  4. 10-15 minute image AP Projection
  5. 20 minutes Oblique RPO and LPO Position
  6. Postvoid AP erect
  7. Alternative PA prone
32
Q

Aftercare:

A
  1. Observation for 6 hours.
  2. Watch for late contrast reactions.
  3. Prevention of dehydration.
  4. In high risk patients-renal function tests should be done to watch for deterioration.

RCE (11 decks)

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