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RCE > Barium Enema > Flashcards

Barium Enema Flashcards

1
Q
  • a radiographic examination of the colon or the large intestine with the use of contrast media.
  • requires the use of contrast media to demonstrate the large intestine and its component.
A

Barium Enema

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the Barium enema?

A

Radiographically study the form and function of the large intestine to detect any abnormal conditions

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3
Q

What kind of contrast media are used?

A
  1. Barium Sulfate (most common type of postive CM)
  2. Room air, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (most common type of negative CM)
  3. Iodinated, water-soluble contrast medium
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4
Q

What are the advantages of barium sulfate?

A
  1. The main advantage of barium over water soluble contrast agents is better coating resulting in better mucosal detail.
  2. Low cost.
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of Barium Sulfate?

A
  1. High Morbidity associated with barium entering the peritoneal cavity.
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4
Q

What are the common clinical indications?

A
  1. To demonstrate colitis
  2. To demonstrate Ulcerative Colitis
  3. To demonstrate diverticula
  4. To demonstrate polyp or tumor
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5
Q

is produced by barium coating both the body of the polyp (arrow) and the recesses (arrowheads) between the base of the lesion and the normal colonic
mucosa.

A

Bowler Hat Sign

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6
Q

What are the contraindications?

A
  1. possible perforated hollow viscus
  2. a possible large bowel obstruction
  3. Appendicitis
  4. Recent barium meal. It is advised to wait for 7–10 days.
  5. Incomplete bowel preparation.
  6. Patient frailty.
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7
Q

is recognizable by the multiple, small bubbles of gas present within a
semi solid appearing soft tissue density (white circle).

A

Stool

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8
Q

What are the types of Examination?

A
  1. The single contrast study
  2. The double contrast study
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9
Q
  • a procedure in which
    only positive-contrast media are sed - in most cases, the contrast material is barium sulfate in a thin mixture
  • occasionally, the contrast media must be a water-soluble
    contrast material
A

The single contrast study

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10
Q
  • a second common type of barium enema procedure - more
    effective in demonstrating polyps and diverticula than singlec ontrast
    studies
  • both air and barium must be introduced into the large bowel
  • much thicker barium mixture is required. Although exact
    ratios depend on the commercial preparations used, the ratio approaches a 1:1 mix, so that the final product is like heavy
    cream
A

The double contrast study

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11
Q

the Radiologist instill barium and air during a single filling procedure

A

Single Stage-Procedure

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12
Q

Barium is partially or completely evacuated before air is instilled

A

Two-Stage Procedure

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13
Q

a functional study of the anus and rectum that is conducted during the evacuation and rest phases of defecation (bowel movement)

A

Evacuative Proctography (defecogram)

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14
Q

What are the patient’s preparation?

A
  1. Cleansing enema at 3:30 p.m. (1 day before the examination) until return flow is clear.
  2. Light supper should be given.
  3. Give laxative to patient either dulcolax tablet or castor oil.
15
Q

What are the purpose of giving laxative/dulcolax/castor oil?

A
  1. to soften the feces
  2. to reduce friction between the feces and the intestinal wall
  3. to facilitate evacuation
  4. NPO at midnight (not even water or candy)
  5. Another shot of cleansing enema at 5:00 a.m. the next
    morning.
  6. No breakfast and proceed to x-ray department.
16
Q
  • can be made of stainless
    steel or other material accentuates the flow of
    the compressed air instead of gravity
A

Enema can

17
Q
  • must have a capacity of about 2-3 quarts so that emptying of the can will be avoided which can draw air into the rectum
A

Enema Can

18
Q
  • to allow for full distention of the colon, it must be placed 18- 24 inches above the level of the rectum
A

Enema Can

19
Q
  • made of rubber but more preferably disposable plastic
A

Tubing

20
Q
  • should be about 5-6 feet in length and ½ inch in diameter
A

Tubing

21
Q
  • interrupts the flow of barium once the colon is full
A

Stop cock or Clamp

22
Q
A
23
Q

What are the three common enema tip?

A
  1. Plastic disposable
  2. Rectal retention
  3. Air-contrast retention
24
Q
  • consists of a double-lumen tube with thin rubber balloon at the distal end
A

Rectal retention

25
Q
  • a special type of rectal tip needed to inject air through a separate tube into the colon. The air mixes with the barium to produce a double-contrast barium enema examination.
A

Air-contrast retention

26
Q

-used to keep the enema tip in its place

A

Inflating bulb or Inflator

27
Q
  • has an air capacity of 90 cc
A

Inflating bulb or Inflator

28
Q
  • one complete squeeze of the inflator provides adequate distention of the retention balloon without any danger of over inflation
A

Inflating bulb or Inflator

29
Q
  • slippery substance that helps the enema tip without discomfort to the patient
A

KY Jelly

30
Q
  • used to administer barium sulfate or an air and barium
    sulfate combination during the barium enema
  • This closed type, disposable barium enema bag system has replaced the older open-type system for convenience and for reducing the risk of cross-infection
A

Closed-system Enema container

31
Q
  • a functional study of the anus and rectum that is conducted during the evacuation and rest phases of defecation (bowel movement).
A

Evacuative Proctography (Defecography)

32
Q
  • a forward out-pouching of the anterior rectal wall which occurs during defecation or straining
A

Rectoceles

33
Q
  • small bowel prolaps
  • occur when the small bowel descends into lower pelvic cavity and starts pushing on the top portion of the vagina
A

Enteroceles

34
Q
  • an abnormal condition in which the proximal rectal wall invaginates into the distal rectum during defecation and persists after the bolus has passed.
A

Rectal Instussussception

35
Q
  • protrusion of rectal tissue through the anus to the exterior of the body.
A

Rectal prolapse

36
Q
  • for enema are mixed to obtain a toothpaste-like contrast medium that can be injected into the rectum
A

Hydrogel and Barium Sulfate

RCE (11 decks)

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