Urogenital system

Question 1

When does phenotypic differentiation in sexual development typically occur?

Answer 1

around 9-11 weeks of intrauterine development

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

List the superior structures of the urinary system and their location relative to the peritoneum.

Answer 3

• Kidneys: retroperitoneal
• Ureters: retroperitoneal
• Urinary bladder: subperitoneal

Question 4

Which arteries supply the kidneys?

Answer 4

The renal arteries

They arise from the abdominal aorta at level L1

Question 5

Which veins collect from the kidneys?

Answer 5

Renal veins

They dump into the IVC. The left renal vein dumps at L1 and the right renal vein dumps at L2

Question 6

What vertebral level is the superior pole of the kidneys located at?

Answer 6

T12

Question 7

What vertebral level is the inferior pole of the kidneys located at?

Answer 7

L3

Question 8

Ureters exit the hilum of kidneys ____ to renal arteries and veins

Answer 8

Inferior

Question 9

Ureters travel ____ to the right and left gonadal arteries on their journey to the urinary bladder.

Answer 9

Posterior

Question 10

Ureters enter pelvis by travelling ____ to the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries into internal and external iliac arteries.

Answer 10

Anterior

Question 11

Ureters enter the ____ wall of the urinary bladder.

Answer 11

Posterior

Question 12

How is the male urethra a structure of two systems?

Answer 12

It conveys urine and semen therefore it is a structure of the urinary and genital systems.

Question 13

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

Answer 13

• Preprostatic urethra
• Prostatic urethra
• Membranous urethra
• Spongy urethra

Preprostatic located in bladder.
Prostatic located in prostate. Receives glandular secretions from the seminal gland.
Membranous located in the perineal membrane.
Spongy located in the corpus spongiosum of penis. Receives glandular secretions from the bulbo-urethral gland.

Question 14

From superior to inferior, list the seminal gland, prostate, and bulbo-urethral gland.

Answer 14

Superior: seminal gland
Middle: prostate
Inferior: bulbo-urethral gland

Question 15

Where is the external urethral orifice located?

Answer 15

In the glands penis

Question 16

What do the ductus deferens converge with to form the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 16

Seminal gland

Question 17

The ductus deferens are located ____ to the bladder.

Answer 17

Posterior

Question 18

Function of the ductus deferens

Answer 18

Convey sperm away from testes

Question 19

Function of seminal glands

Answer 19

Produce fructose-containing fluid (energy source for sperm)

Question 20

Function of prostate

Answer 20

Produces fluid that activates the sperm

Question 21

Function of bulbo-urethral glands

Answer 21

produce lubricating fluid to help transport sperm

Question 22

What comprises the spermatic cord?

Answer 22

• Ductus deferens
• Testicular artery
• Pempiniform venous plexus (tributary of testicular vein)
• Nerves

Contains the structures travelling to and from testis
Suspends testis in scrotum

Question 23

Function of the epididymis

Answer 23

-Stores sperm

Question 24

Which glands are located beside the vaginal orifice?

Answer 24

Greater vestibular glands

secretes mucous, bilateral structure

Question 25

How are oocytes conveyed to the uterus?

Answer 25

Oocytes develop in ovaries and travel through the uterine tubes. During ovulation, the cervic secretes mucous that aids in sperm transport. If conception occurs, the blastocyst is implanted in the internal surface of the uterus. If not, menstruation occurs, and the internal layer of the uterus is shed externally via the cervix and vagina.

Question 26

What is the ovary?

Answer 26

* Female gonad * Site of oocyte development * Produces hormones like estrogen and progesterone

Question 27

In the female body, which structures are most anterior to posterior?

Answer 27

Bladder --> uterus --> rectum

Question 28

During the 10th lunar month of pregnancy, what happens to the uterus?

Answer 28

The fundus of the uterus moves anterioly and drops to a level slightly lower than the 9th lunar month.

Question 29

Which tube is the fimbriae connected to?

Answer 29

Uterine tubes ## Footnote Intraperitoneal

Question 30

Broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 30

* Double layer of the peritoneum * Lateral aspect of uturus (lateral wall and floor of pelvis) * Anchors uterus

Question 31

Is the uterus and cervice intra or sub

Answer 31

Uterus: intra Cervix: sub

Question 32

The uterine tubes open into the ________________. Oocyte travel within the peritoneal cavity before ________ trap and collect it.

Answer 32

Peritoneal cavity Fimbriae

Question 33

Suspensory ligament of ovary

Answer 33

* Conveys ovarian vessels * Extension of broad ligament superiorly

Question 34

Ligament of ovary

Answer 34

* Between layers of broad ligament

Question 35

Round ligament of uterus

Answer 35

* initially between layers of broad ligament * travels through inguinal canal * attaches to labia majora