Urogenital system Flashcards
When does phenotypic differentiation in sexual development typically occur?
around 9-11 weeks of intrauterine development
List the superior structures of the urinary system and their location relative to the peritoneum.
- Kidneys: retroperitoneal
- Ureters: retroperitoneal
- Urinary bladder: subperitoneal
Which arteries supply the kidneys?
The renal arteries
They arise from the abdominal aorta at level L1
Which veins collect from the kidneys?
Renal veins
They dump into the IVC. The left renal vein dumps at L2 and the right renal vein dumps at L1
What vertebral level is the superior pole of the kidneys located at?
T12
What vertebral level is the inferior pole of the kidneys located at?
L3
Ureters exit the hilum of kidneys ____ to renal arteries and veins
Inferior
Ureters travel ____ to the right and left gonadal arteries on their journey to the urinary bladder.
Posterior
Ureters enter pelvis by travelling ____ to the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries into internal and external iliac arteries.
Anterior
Ureters enter the ____ wall of the urinary bladder.
Posterior
How is the male urethra a structure of two systems?
It conveys urine and semen therefore it is a structure of the urinary and genital systems.
What are the four parts of the male urethra?
- Preprostatic urethra
- Prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra
- Spongy urethra
Preprostatic located in bladder.
Prostatic located in prostate. Receives glandular secretions from the seminal gland.
Membranous located in the perineal membrane.
Spongy located in the corpus spongiosum of penis. Receives glandular secretions from the bulbo-urethral gland.
From superior to inferior, list the seminal gland, prostate, and bulbo-urethral gland.
Superior: seminal gland
Middle: prostate
Inferior: bulbo-urethral gland
Where is the external urethral orifice located?
In the glands penis
What do the ductus deferens converge with to form the ejaculatory duct?
Seminal gland
The ductus deferens are located ____ to the bladder.
Posterior
Function of the ductus deferens
Convey sperm away from testes
Function of seminal glands
Produce fructose-containing fluid (energy source for sperm)
Function of prostate
Produces fluid that activates the sperm
Function of bulbo-urethral glands
produce lubricating fluid to help transport sperm
What comprises the spermatic cord?
- Ductus deferens
- Testicular artery
- Pempiniform venous plexus (tributary of testicular vein)
- Nerves
Contains the structures travelling to and from testis
Suspends testis in scrotum
Function of the epididymis
-Stores sperm
Which glands are located beside the vaginal orifice?
Greater vestibular glands
secretes mucous, bilateral structure
How are oocytes conveyed to the uterus?
Oocytes develop in ovaries and travel through the uterine tubes. During ovulation, the cervic secretes mucous that aids in sperm transport. If conception occurs, the blastocyst is implanted in the internal surface of the uterus. If not, menstruation occurs, and the internal layer of the uterus is shed externally via the cervix and vagina.
What is the ovary?
- Female gonad
- Site of oocyte development
- Produces hormones like estrogen and progesterone
In the female body, which structures are most anterior to posterior?
Bladder –> uterus –> rectum
During the 10th lunar month of pregnancy, what happens to the uterus?
The fundus of the uterus moves anterioly and drops to a level slightly lower than the 9th lunar month.
Which tube is the fimbriae connected to?
Uterine tubes
Intraperitoneal
Broad ligament of the uterus
- Double layer of the peritoneum
- Lateral aspect of uturus (lateral wall and floor of pelvis)
- Anchors uterus
Is the uterus and cervice intra or sub
Uterus: intra
Cervix: sub
The uterine tubes open into the ________________. Oocyte travel within the peritoneal cavity before ________ trap and collect it.
Peritoneal cavity
Fimbriae
Suspensory ligament of ovary
- Conveys ovarian vessels
- Extension of broad ligament superiorly
Ligament of ovary
- Between layers of broad ligament
Round ligament of uterus
- initially between layers of broad ligament
- travels through inguinal canal
- attaches to labia majora
