Blood Supply to Abdominal Viscera

Question 1

Which plans divide the quadrants of the abdomen?

Answer 1

Median plane (vertically)
Transumbilical plane (horizontally)

Question 2

What do you have to remove to view the portal triad and the aorta?

Answer 2

The lesser omentum

Question 3

Which organ is to the left of the stomach?

Answer 3

The spleen

Question 4

What is the pancreas’ positioning to the stomach?

Answer 4

Posterior

Question 5

Vertebral levels of the duodenum and its parts

Answer 5

1st (Superior part): L1
2nd (Descending part): L2
3rd (Inferior part): L3
4th (Ascending part): L2

Question 6

Which parts of the duodenum are intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 6

Intraperitoneal: superior
Retroperitoneal: descending, inferior, ascending

Question 7

What are the two parts of the small intestine? Are those structures intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 7

Jejunum: intraperitoneal
Ileum: intraperitoneal

Question 8

What are the parts of the large intestine in order? Are those structures intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 8

Cecum:
-connected to ileum
-intraperitoneal

Ascending colon:
-retroperitoneal

Transverse colon:
-intraperitoneal

Descending colon:
-retroperitoneal

Sigmoid colon:
-intraperitoneal

Rectum:
-retroperitoneal/subperitoneal

Question 9

Haustra

Answer 9

-Bulbous sacculations of the large intestine
-Increases surface area

Question 10

Omental appendices

Answer 10

-Fatty projections of the large intestine
-Provides cushion

Question 11

Teniae coli

Answer 11

-Longitudinal bands that create haustra in large intestine

Question 12

Which structures make up the foregut?

Answer 12

Esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, proximal 1/2 duodenum

Question 13

Which structures make up the midgut?

Answer 13

Distal 1/2 of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 14

Which structures make up the hindgut?

Answer 14

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Question 15

Which major arteries supply the foregut, the midgut, and the hindgut?

Answer 15

Foregut: celiac trunk
Midgut: superior mesenteric artery
Hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery

Question 16

Which important vertebral levels are paired or unpaired?

Answer 16

T12: unpaired
L1: unpaired
L2: paired
L3: unpaired
L4: paired

Question 17

Which artery arises from T12?

Answer 17

Celiac trunk

Question 18

Which artery arises from L1?

Answer 18

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 19

Which artery arises from L2?

Answer 19

Right/left testicular/ovarian arteries

Question 20

Which artery arises from L3?

Answer 20

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 21

Which artery arises from L4?

Answer 21

Bifurcation of abdominal aorta into the right/left common iliac arteries

Question 22

What are the major branches of the celiac trunk?

Answer 22

-Left gastric artery
-Splenic artery
-Common hepatic artery

Question 23

What do the left gastric arteries anastomoses with?

Answer 23

Right gastric arteries

Question 24

Which vessels supply the esophagus?

Answer 24

-Esophageal branches of the left gastric artery
-Esophageal artery from thoracic aorta

Question 25

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

Answer 25

-Pancreatic branches -Short gastric arteries -Left gastro-omental artery

Question 26

What does the common hepatic artery bifurcate into?

Answer 26

-Hepatic artery proper -Gastroduodenal artery

Question 27

Branches of the hepatic artery proper

Answer 27

-Right gastric artery -Cystic artery -Left hepatic artery (and duct)

Question 28

Branches of the gastroduodenal artery

Answer 28

-Supraduodenal artery -Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery -Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery -Right gastro-omental artery

Question 29

The gastroduodenal artery travels __________ to the 1st part of the duodenum

Answer 29

Posterior

Question 30

Which vessels supply the pancreas

Answer 30

-Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery -Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery -Anterior/posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries -Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery

Question 31

Which vessels supply the stomach?

Answer 31

-Short gastric arteries -Left and right gastro-omental arteries -Left and right gastric arteries

Question 32

Which vessels supply the liver?

Answer 32

Left and right hepatic arteries

Question 33

Which structures supply the duodenum?

Answer 33

Supraduodenal artery: proximal 1/2 of duodenum -Gastroduodenal artery -Anterior and posterior superior/inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 34

What does the SMA travel through?

Answer 34

The mesentery

Question 35

What do you have to remove to view the branches of SMA?

Answer 35

One layer of the mesentery and parietal peritoneum

Question 36

SMA travels __________ to 3rd part of the duodenum and squeezes through the space inferior to ___________ and superior to ___________. The SMA travels __________ to the pancreas.

Answer 36

Anterior Pancreas Duodenum (3rd part) Posterior

Question 37

First branch of the superior mesenteric artery

Answer 37

-Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery that bifurcates anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 38

Second branches of the SMA

Answer 38

-Jejunal branches -Ileal branches

Question 39

How do you differentiate between jejunal and ileal branches of the SMA?

Answer 39

Jejunal: short arterial arcades and long vasa recta Ileal: more arterial arcades and short vasa recta

Question 40

What are arterial arcades?

Answer 40

Series of anastomosing arterial arches

Question 41

What are the third branches of the SMA?

Answer 41

-Iliocolic artery -Right colic artery -Middle colic artery

Question 42

What supplies the transverse colon?

Answer 42

-Middle colic artery -Left colic artery

Question 43

What supplies the ascending colon?

Answer 43

Right colic artery

Question 44

What supplies the ileum?

Answer 44

-Ileal branches -Ileocolic artery

Question 45

What supplies the cecum?

Answer 45

-Ileocolic artery

Question 46

What are the branches of the IMA?

Answer 46

-Left colic artery -Sigmoid arteries -Superior rectal artery

Question 47

What is the marginal artery?

Answer 47

Continuous anastomotic channel between arteries supplying the colon

Question 48

What supplies the descending colon?

Answer 48

-Left colic artery

Question 49

What supplies the sigmoid colon?

Answer 49

Sigmoid arteries

Question 50

What supplies the rectum?

Answer 50

Superior rectal artery

Question 51

Which vessels anastomoses between the foregut and midgut?

Answer 51

Anterior/posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries + Anterior/posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 52

Which vessels anastomoses between the midgut and hindgut?

Answer 52

Middle colic artery+ left colic artery Marginal artery