Urogenital system Flashcards
What are the roles of the urinary system?
- Filter the blood
- Conserve/release water and ions
- Create and store urine
- Release urine as a waste product
What are the components of the urinary system?
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Where are the suprarenal glands that have a rich blood supply due to them being endocrine glands, located?
Above the kidneys
What is the function of kidneys?
Paired organs that filter blood to create urine
Where are the kidneys located?
Left kidney- ribs 11 and 12
Right kidney- rib 12 (due to liver size)
What does the hilus in the kidneys do and where is it located?
Where vessels pass in and out of the kidney. The hilus is positioned medially (facing towards the vertebral column)
What does a kidney hilus contain?
What do these components do?
A renal artery, renal vein and the renal pelvis/ureter.
The renal artery is a lateral branch of the aorta at L1 vertebral level and the renal veins drain directly into the IVC.
Where is urine formed and where is it secreted from this place?
Urine is formed in the kidney and excreted via the collecting ducts in the medulla into minor calyces and then these join together to form major calyces
What do the major calyces unite to form?
They form the renal pelvis, this narrows at the hilus of the kidney to form the ureter
What is the ureters?
Smooth muscle tube passing from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
Where are the 3 constrictions of the ureters?
1- ureteropelvic junction
2- crossing pelvic brim
3- at entry to the bladder
Where is the bladder located and what does it store?
Behind pubic bones in the pelvis
Urine store
What is the components that make uo the trigone of the bladder and what direction of flow are these components?
2 ureters- into the bladder
1 urethra- out of the bladder
Where does the urethra pass?
From pelvic cavity into perineum
What are the differences of male and female urinary and genital tracts?
Female- urinary and genital tracts are separate
Male- Union of urinary and genital tracts
What are urinary stones (calculi)?
Where are they found?
Solid or crystal stone like
Kidney, ureter, bladder
Where do the ovaries and testes lie?
Ovaries- within the pelvic cavity
Testes- Perineum to allow production of mature sperm
What are the structures of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
What do the ovaries produce?
Eggs and hormones
What is the function of the uterus and vagina?
Uterus- hosue a developing foetus
Vagina- Allows sexual intercourse and acts as the birth canal
Where does the ovum pass through?
Uterine tube and towards uterus
Where does fertilisation and then implantation usually occur?
The uterine tube
Uterus
Where are the ovaries held?
Posterior surface of the broad ligament of the uterus
What are the fimbrae?
finger like projections that overhang the ovaries
When does an ectopic pregnancy occur?
The fertilised ovum implants early when still in the uterine tube
What is the external covering, muscular wall and variable lining of the uterus called?
Epimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What does the fold called the broad ligament allow the passage of?
Blood vessels, autonomic nerves and lymphatic vessels to and from the uterus
Where does the uterus get their support from?
Ligaments attached to the cervix
Where does the uterus lie?
Between the bladder and the rectum
The broad ligament also forms two pushes between the structuress of the pelvis, what are they called and where do they lie?
Vesico-uterine pouch- lies between the bladder and the uterus
Recto-uterine pouch- uterus and the rectum (also known as pouch of Douglas)
Where does the vagina pass through?
The pelvic floor in an area called the urogenital diaphragm
The opening in the perineum i susrrounded by small pioeces of erectile tissue
What is a hysterosalpingogram?
Imaging that shows the reproductive structures within the pelvis
What are the structures of the male reproductive system?
Testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and the penis
How is sperm carried into the pelvic cavity?
vas (ductus) deferens
Where does the vas deferens pass through and where does it join to?
The prostate gland, joins with the duct from the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct before joining the urethra and passing out of the body via the penile urethra
Where do the testes develop and why do they descend through the anterior abdominal wall via the inguinal canal into the scrotum?
Abdominal cavity
Too warm for spermatogenesis
What does the vas deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicle form?
The ejaculatory duct (one each side)
What does the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles release?
Fluid to support the sperm and add to the liquid component of the ejaculate
What are the 4 sections of the male urethra named for the areas the urethra passes through?
Where do they pass through?
Pre-prostatic - urethra leaves bladder
Prostatic- passes through prostate gland
Membranous part- passes through pelvic floor
Spongy or penile-passes through penis
What is the erectile tissue divided into?
What are are they composed of?
The corpus spongiosum
Two corpora cavernosa
Numerous small spaces that fill with blood during erection of the penis
