Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > Anatomy and histology of Nervous System > Flashcards

Anatomy and histology of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Through what fibres does the body sense internal and external factors?

A

Peripheral nerve fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the term afferent mean?

A

Senses are passed within the nerve fibres centrally to your brain, either directly or via the sponal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the term efferent mean?

A

When the brain chooses if impulses are to be sent down peripheral nerve fibres, either directly or via the spinal cord to bring about an appropriate motor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can the nervous system be partitioned anatomically into?

A

Central

Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the Peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves and their branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the CNA contain?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can the nervous system be partitioned into functionally?

A

Somatic

Autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of the somatic nervous system and what does it supply?

A

Senses and responds to the external environment

Supplies almost everything other than the organs contained within the body cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the somatic nervous system contain?

A

Sensory nerves from the skin, bones and joints

Motor nerves to skeletal (striated) muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system mean?

A

Senses and responds to the internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the control centre of the nervous system?

A

The brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the components of the right cerebral hemisphere of the brain?

A

Gyrus
Sulcus
Spinal cord
Brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the components of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the foramina?

A

Through which cranial nerves and blood vessels enter/exit the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the cranial nerves?
(1-11)
ooo to touch and feel a virgins girl’s vagina ah(a)!!

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Troclhear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the grey matter consist of in the CNS?

A

Neurons
Cell processes
Synapses
Support cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the white matter in the medullary centre?

A

Axons (most myelinated)

Support cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main white matter fibre tract between the spinal cord and the cerebral hemispheres called?
What does it consist of?

A

The internal capsule

Caudate nucleus
Thalamus
Putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the spinal white matter consist of?

A

Axons
Myelin sheaths
Blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a neuropil?

A

A mat of neuronal and glial cell processes that occupies much of the grey matter

23
Q

What does the precentral gyrus do?

How is it organized?

A

Initiates movement

Somatotopically organised

24
Q

What is somatotropic organization?

A

The body is mapped onto the cortex, with each part of the cortex controlling a particular part of the body

25
Q

What side of the body does the right cortex control?

A

Muscles on the left side of the body

26
Q

What cell is the myelin sheeth (electrical insulator) produced by?

A

Schwann cell

27
Q

What does one spinal nerve contribute towards?

A

Efferents to several peripheral nerves

28
Q

What does one peripheral nerve send?

A

Afferents to several spinal nerves

29
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The area of skin supplied by the senory fibres in a given segmental somatic nerve

30
Q

Are there any nerve cell bodies present in a peripheral nerve?

A

No

31
Q

What is part of the sympathetic nervous system in the autonomic nervous system?

A 
Heart
Arterioles
Skin 
Lungs
Gut
Pupils
Liver
32
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system not supply that the sympathetic does?

A

Skin and arterioles

33
Q

What are the sympathetic nerves and components of the system?

A

Spinal nerve
Thoraco-lumbar outflow
Sympathetic chain
Splanchnic nerves

34
Q

What are the parasympathetic nerves and components of the system?

A

Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 10 (10-the vagus nerve)
Cranio0sacral outflow
Sacral spinal nerves

35
Q

What are the two blood vessels that supply blood to the brain?

A

Vertebral Arteries

Internal Carotid Arteries

36
Q

Where does the right vertebral artery join the cervical part of the spine?

A

C6

37
Q

What do the dural venous sinuses do?

A

Drain deoxygenated blood from the brain

38
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein

39
Q

What is the meninges and what are their three layers?

A

Three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover the CNS
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater

40
Q

Where is the cerebrospinal-spinal fluid secreted from?

A

Specialized structure within the ventricular system of the brain called the choroid plexus

41
Q

Where does the cerebrospinal-spinal fluid circulate?

A

Around the brain and spinal cord from the 4 ventricles to the subarachnoid

42
Q

How is the cerebra-spinal fluid reabsorbed?

A

Reabsorbed into the dural venous sinuses by specialised structures called arachnoid granulations

43
Q

What does cerebrospinal-spinal fluid surround the brain with?

A

Subarachnoid Space

44
Q

In neuronal morphology what is multipolar, bipolar and pseudounipolar?

A

Multipolar- Most common, many dendrites one axon
Bipolar- One dendrite, one axon
Pseudounipolar- Short process gives rise to axon in both directions

45
Q

How many layers of the cerebral cortex?

A

6

46
Q

How many layers in the cerebellar cortex?

A

3

47
Q

How many types of glial cells are there?

A

4

48
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Many numerous processes
Roles in support, maintaining the blood-brain barrier
Environmental homeostasis
No connective tissue in the CNS

49
Q

What are neurons?

A

Receive information via synapses
Integrate the information
Transmit electrical impulses to another neuron or effector cell
Most are multipolar

50
Q

What are the four types of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

51
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Produce myelin in the CNS - NOT in the PNS

52
Q

What are microglia?

A

Cells of similar lineage to macrophages (ie. hemopoeitic origin)
Immune monitoring and antigen presentation

53
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles

anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions