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Anatomy and histology of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Through what fibres does the body sense internal and external factors?

A

Peripheral nerve fibres

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2
Q

What does the term afferent mean?

A

Senses are passed within the nerve fibres centrally to your brain, either directly or via the sponal cord

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3
Q

What does the term efferent mean?

A

When the brain chooses if impulses are to be sent down peripheral nerve fibres, either directly or via the spinal cord to bring about an appropriate motor response

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4
Q

What can the nervous system be partitioned anatomically into?

A

Central

Peripheral

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5
Q

What does the Peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves and their branches

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6
Q

What does the CNA contain?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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7
Q

What can the nervous system be partitioned into functionally?

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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8
Q

What is the definition of the somatic nervous system and what does it supply?

A

Senses and responds to the external environment

Supplies almost everything other than the organs contained within the body cavities

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9
Q

What does the somatic nervous system contain?

A

Sensory nerves from the skin, bones and joints

Motor nerves to skeletal (striated) muscle

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10
Q

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary?

A

yes

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11
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system mean?

A

Senses and responds to the internal environment

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12
Q

Is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

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13
Q

What is the control centre of the nervous system?

A

The brain

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14
Q

What are the components of the right cerebral hemisphere of the brain?

A

Gyrus
Sulcus
Spinal cord
Brain stem

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15
Q

What are the components of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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16
Q

What is the foramina?

A

Through which cranial nerves and blood vessels enter/exit the skull

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17
Q

Name the cranial nerves?
(1-11)
ooo to touch and feel a virgins girl’s vagina ah(a)!!

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Troclhear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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18
Q

What does the grey matter consist of in the CNS?

A

Neurons
Cell processes
Synapses
Support cells

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19
Q

What is the white matter in the medullary centre?

A

Axons (most myelinated)

Support cells

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20
Q

What is the main white matter fibre tract between the spinal cord and the cerebral hemispheres called?
What does it consist of?

A

The internal capsule

Caudate nucleus
Thalamus
Putamen

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21
Q

What does the spinal white matter consist of?

A

Axons
Myelin sheaths
Blood vessels

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22
Q

What is a neuropil?

A

A mat of neuronal and glial cell processes that occupies much of the grey matter

23
Q

What does the precentral gyrus do?

How is it organized?

A

Initiates movement

Somatotopically organised

24
Q

What is somatotropic organization?

A

The body is mapped onto the cortex, with each part of the cortex controlling a particular part of the body

25
What side of the body does the right cortex control?
Muscles on the left side of the body
26
What cell is the myelin sheeth (electrical insulator) produced by?
Schwann cell
27
What does one spinal nerve contribute towards?
Efferents to several peripheral nerves
28
What does one peripheral nerve send?
Afferents to several spinal nerves
29
What is a dermatome?
The area of skin supplied by the senory fibres in a given segmental somatic nerve
30
Are there any nerve cell bodies present in a peripheral nerve?
No
31
What is part of the sympathetic nervous system in the autonomic nervous system?
``` Heart Arterioles Skin Lungs Gut Pupils Liver ```
32
What does the parasympathetic nervous system not supply that the sympathetic does?
Skin and arterioles
33
What are the sympathetic nerves and components of the system?
Spinal nerve Thoraco-lumbar outflow Sympathetic chain Splanchnic nerves
34
What are the parasympathetic nerves and components of the system?
Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 10 (10-the vagus nerve) Cranio0sacral outflow Sacral spinal nerves
35
What are the two blood vessels that supply blood to the brain?
Vertebral Arteries | Internal Carotid Arteries
36
Where does the right vertebral artery join the cervical part of the spine?
C6
37
What do the dural venous sinuses do?
Drain deoxygenated blood from the brain
38
Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?
The internal jugular vein
39
What is the meninges and what are their three layers?
Three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover the CNS Pia mater Arachnoid mater Dura mater
40
Where is the cerebrospinal-spinal fluid secreted from?
Specialized structure within the ventricular system of the brain called the choroid plexus
41
Where does the cerebrospinal-spinal fluid circulate?
Around the brain and spinal cord from the 4 ventricles to the subarachnoid
42
How is the cerebra-spinal fluid reabsorbed?
Reabsorbed into the dural venous sinuses by specialised structures called arachnoid granulations
43
What does cerebrospinal-spinal fluid surround the brain with?
Subarachnoid Space
44
In neuronal morphology what is multipolar, bipolar and pseudounipolar?
Multipolar- Most common, many dendrites one axon Bipolar- One dendrite, one axon Pseudounipolar- Short process gives rise to axon in both directions
45
How many layers of the cerebral cortex?
6
46
How many layers in the cerebellar cortex?
3
47
How many types of glial cells are there?
4
48
What are astrocytes?
Many numerous processes Roles in support, maintaining the blood-brain barrier Environmental homeostasis No connective tissue in the CNS
49
What are neurons?
Receive information via synapses Integrate the information Transmit electrical impulses to another neuron or effector cell Most are multipolar
50
What are the four types of glial cells?
Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells
51
What are oligodendrocytes?
Produce myelin in the CNS - NOT in the PNS
52
What are microglia?
Cells of similar lineage to macrophages (ie. hemopoeitic origin) Immune monitoring and antigen presentation
53
What are ependymal cells?
Cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles

anatomy (9 decks)

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