Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the upper and lower respiratory tract connected by?

Answer 1

The larynx

Question 2

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

Filters, warms and moistens air

Passage to the pharynx

Question 3

What are the two features of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Conchae

Meatuses

Question 4

What is the conchae?

Answer 4

Folds of tissue on lateral wall of nasal fossa

Mucous membranes supported by thin turbinate bones

Question 5

What is the meatuses?

Answer 5

Narrow air passage beneath each concha

Question 6

What are paranasal sinuses?

What are their functions?

Answer 6

Spaces found in the skull

Produces mucous and acts as resonators for speech

Question 7

What are the three distinct components of the pharynx?

Answer 7

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 8

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 8

Passage between nose, mouth and larynx/oesophagus

Question 9

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 9

Passage for air between pharynx and lower respiratory tract phonation

Question 10

What part of the larynx is known as the adams apple?

Answer 10

The thyroid cartilage

Question 11

What are the components of the larynx anterior view?

Answer 11

Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage - connects to trachea

Question 12

What is made of elastic cartilage and closes the throat whilst swallowing to ensure food goes to oesophagus and doesnt enter the larynx?

Answer 12

Epiglottis

Question 13

What two other cartilgenous components can be seen on the posterior view of the larynx?

Answer 13

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 14

What does the movement of arytenoid cartilage do?

Answer 14

Opening and closing of vocal folds in the larynx

Question 15

How are the vocal folds attached to the larynx?

Answer 15

Inferiorly to the upper body of the cricoid cartilage

Anteriorly to the center of the thyroid cartilage

Posteriorly to the two aryteoid cartilage

Question 16

How does phoantion create the sound for speech?

Answer 16

Closure of the folds creates vinrations when the air passes through which makes soundn or what is heard wehn speaking

Question 17

What muscle is used for the abduction (opening) of the vocal folds?

Answer 17

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 18

What muscle is used for the adduction (closing) of vocal folds?

Answer 18

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 19

What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 19

Trachea
Lungs and pleura
Bronchial tree
Alveoli and gaseous exchange

Question 20

Where does the trachea begin?

Answer 20

C6/7 below the larynx

Question 21

What does the trachea divide into?

Answer 21

Right and left bronchi at the carina

Question 22

What is the carina?

Answer 22

V-shaped cartilage at transverse thoracic plane (T4/5)

Question 23

What cartilage and muscle is loacted aneteriorly and posteriorly on the cartilage?

Answer 23

Anteriorly- C-shaped cartilage

Posteriorly- Trachealis muscle (accommodates expansion of oesopgahus)

Question 24

What are features of the lungs?

Answer 24

Rounded

Apex

Question 25

What 3 surfaces do the lungs have?

Answer 25

Diaphragmatic inferiorly Costal surface laterally Mediastinal surface medially

Question 26

How many lobes does the right and left lung contain?

Answer 26

Right- 3 lobes | Left- 2 lobes

Question 27

What are the lobes in the lungs called?

Answer 27

Right- Superior, middle,inferior | Left- Superior, inferior

Question 28

What is the hilem on the mediastinal surface of the left lung?

Answer 28

The region where structures enter and leave the lung

Question 29

What are the most anterior and the most inferior structures at the left and right lung hilum?

Answer 29

Pulmonary veins

Question 30

What is the cardiac impression seen on the right lung?

Answer 30

Superior vena cava

Question 31

What is the purpose of the pleura?

Answer 31

Allows the lungs to inflate and deflate in a friction free environment

Question 32

What is the parietal pleura?

Answer 32

Lines the pulmonary cavity and has cervical, costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal parts

Question 33

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 33

Covers the surface of the lung

Question 34

Where is the visceral and parietal pleura continuous on the lung?

Answer 34

Hilum of the lung

Question 35

What is the function of the bronchial tree?

Answer 35

Passage for air to and from the lungs

Question 36

What is the sequence of components from the trachea that form the bronchial tree?

Answer 36

Trachea > Right and left main bronchus > 3/2 lobar bronchi > segmental bronchi

Question 37

What does segmental bronchi form?

Answer 37

Bronchioles | conducting, terminal, respiratory

Question 38

What do bronchioles go on to form?

Answer 38

Alveolar duct, alveolar sac with capillary plexus

Question 39

Where does gaseous exhange take place and how?

Answer 39

The relationship between the alveoli and capillaries creates the blood-air interface, where gaseous exchange takes place. Oxygen in the air we breath in enters the blood, and carbon dioxide in the blood enters the alveolus and is removed from the body when we breathe out.

Question 40

What are the 3 respiratory movements?

Answer 40

Rib cage and changes dimension Inspiration Expiration

Question 41

How does the rib cage change dimension anteriorly-posteriorly, laterally and vertically?

Answer 41

Anterior-posterior- Sternum moves anteriorly and superiorly Lateral- Lower ribcage moves laterally Vertical- Diaphragm descends

Question 42

In normal, shallow breathing at rest, what is the primary muscle of inspiration

Answer 42

Diaphragm

Question 43

What are the 3 intercostal muscles located in the intercostal space between adjacent ribs?

Answer 43

External intercostal Internal intercostal Innermost intercostal

Question 44

What is the dome shaped muscle that bulges up into the thoracic cavity?

Answer 44

Diaphragm

Question 45

What do scalenes do?

Answer 45

Raise the upper ribs

Question 46

What do the external intercostals do?

Answer 46

Elevate 2-12 pairs ribs

Question 47

What muscles are used in deep inspiration?

Answer 47

Pectorilis minor, sternocleidomastoid and erector spinae muscles

Question 48

Fill in gaps regarding expiration- | As volume of thoracic cavity (1), intrapulmonary pressure (2) and air is expelled

Answer 48

(1) decreases | (2) increases

Question 49

What happens to the internal intercostal muscles during forced expiration?

Answer 49

Ribs are depressed

Question 50

During forced expiration, what do contracted abdominal muscles do?

Answer 50

Increased intra-abdominal pressure forces diaphragm upward, increases pressure on thoracic cavity Forces air out of the lungs