Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Normal Animal 2 > Urogenital Exam > Flashcards

Urogenital Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What could result from poor vulvar conformation in the mare?

A
  • pneumovagina (windsucking)
  • Pooling of urine in the vagina
  • Fecal contamination of the vagina
  • Equine: cervix enters the vagina at a ventral position
    so pooling of urine/feces could lead to inflammation within the uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where should you check mucous membranes on a female cow?

A

the vulva
(should be pink not pale or bright red)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the prepuce differ between equine and bovine?

A

Equine - prepuce size differs between gelding and stallion
Bovine - differs between steer and bull AND breeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you obtain urine from a bovine?

A

restrain using shoot and palpate/rub the prepuce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you obtain urine in the bovine female

A

Rub the escutcheon on the midline with moderate pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Non-invasive way to attain urine in equine (or goats)

A

put them in a clean stall and use a cup!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal urination posture in male bovine and equine

A

bovine: nothing doesn’t move
equine: stretches forward (CAN BE A SIGN OF COLIC or blockage if not producing urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Differences between bovine and equine urine

A

bovine urinate more and have clear urine
Equine urinate less and have cloudy urine
both are herbivores - alkaline pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mares in heat will….

A

Wink! urinate a little bit a lot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the kidney shape in bovine and why is it significant

A

lobated ( no renal pelvis)

-left kidney can be felt during rectal palpation (midline, hanging down due to rumen and fat)
- between 2-4 lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kidney Shape in equine

A

right = heart
left = pyramid
both are flattened with a single renal pelvis

left kidney palpable by rectum (dorsally and slightly left)
last rib and 3rd lumbar transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Location of bovine testicles

A

hangs vertically (epididymis tail=ventral) and pendulous (due to temp.)
thicker skin and lots of sweat glands (more than any other)
lots of thermosensitive nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Location of equine testicles

A

hangs horizontally ( epididymis tail = dorsocaudal)
less pendulous
thinner skin and lots of sweat glands and thermosensitive nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bovine penis is…

A

fibroelastic (grows in length only)

sigmoid flexure and small glans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What species has a urethral process

A

ram/buck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Equine penis is…

A

musculocavernous (grows in length AND width)
large glans

17
Q

What is the bean

A

smegma in the equine penis- needs to be cleaned in the urethral sinus

18
Q

Bovine shape of uterus and cervix

A

Uterus – short body and 2 horns

• Cervix – smooth muscle with “stiff” interlocking folds

19
Q

Equine shape of uterus and cervix

A

• Uterus – large body and 2 short horns
• Cervix – smooth muscle with mucosal folds

20
Q

bovine female repro tract has a ______ _____ in the vaginal pelvis that causes a problem for catheters

A

sub-urethral diverticulum (equine do not)

21
Q

Bovine Reproductive Tract within Pelvis structure (4)

A

•Cervix stiff – feels like a “turkey neck”
•Broad ligament longer
• Therefore the uterus and ovaries hang lower
within the pelvis
• Ovaries often found to lateral to the body
•Uterine horns longer
•Ovaries are small – almond shaped and grape to walnut size depending upon structures and timing of cycle

22
Q

Equine repro tract within pelvis structure

A

•Cervix soft – can not palpate
•Broad ligament shorter
• Ovaries hang higher – more dorsal to the
horns
•Uterine horns shorter
•Ovaries are larger – bean shaped and can be plum to orange size depending upon structures and timing of cycle

23
Q

4 reasons for rectal palpation

A

Determination of PREGNANCY
• #1 reason for cow and brood mares
•Investigating Abdominal Pain – Colic
• #1 reason for all horses
•Breeding Soundness Exam – Males and Females
•Exam of abdominal structures
• Kidneys • Uterus • Gastrointestinal • Lymph Nodes

24
Q

Precautions for rectal palpation

A

RECTAL TEAR AND HEMORRHAGE

-Short nails, NO jewelry/watches
-Sleeves and LOTS of lube
-peristaltic waves

25
Q

In what species, do you always recede your hand with the peristaltic wave

A

HORSES

cow you can allow it to pass over- never push

26
Q

Reasons for vaginal palpation

A

•Assisting in difficult parturition – (Dystocia)
•Investigation/Treatment of Retained Placenta
•Evaluation of Cervix – Breeding Soundness Exam for mare

27
Q

risks and precautions for vaginal palpation

A

Introduction of pathogens

•Clean Vulva and Perineum
•Sleeves and lube (often sterile in the equine)

28
Q

How long is cow gestation

A

283 days (~9.5 months)

29
Q

What are the 4 cardinal signs of pregnancy by palpation

A
  1. Membrane slip
  2. Amniotic vesicle
  3. Fetus
  4. Placentomes
30
Q

What is the membrane slip? and when can you feel it?

A

Palpating the developing placental membranes within the uterus; “slips” between your fingers

• Reliably felt in pregnant horn at 35 days

31
Q

What is the amniotic vesicle and when can you feel it

A

Conceptus and amniotic fluid within a turgid amniotic membrane sac

• Can be palpated as early at 32-35 days (by experienced palpators) - By 60-65 days becomes less turgid

  • between 40-45 days associated with atresia coli (no anus)

can be popped or damaged

32
Q

When can you feel the fetus after the amniotic vesicle becomes less turgid?

A

~65 days

33
Q

What are placentomes and when can you feel them (and how many do you need to feel?)

A

Placentation in the bovine forms “buttons” (placentomes; cotyledon and caruncle) where the maternal and fetal membranes join together

• Can be palpated in uterine horns at day 80-90 (students reliably feel @ 90 days)

NEED 3 - can be confused as ovaries

34
Q

are placentomes a reliable sense of time?

A

no - they vary in sizes

35
Q

How is pregnancy diagnoses in horses? and at how many days

A

rectal ultrasounds at ~14 days

36
Q

how long is horse gestation

A

335-350 (11-12 months)

37
Q

when can the amniotic vesicle be palpated in the horse

A

~30 days

Normal Animal 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions