Topography of Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

3 main body cavities

A

thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavity

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2
Q

Pelvic cavity is …

A

continuous with abdomen and a tubular passage

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3
Q

Bony pelvis is formed by

A

Pelvic girdle (2 fused os coxae, also called bony ring)

sacrum

1st and 2nd caudal vertebrae

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4
Q

Boundaries of pelvic outlet

A
  • First ca. vertebra
  • Sacrotuberous ligaments (dog only) & muscles
  • Ischial arch
  • bony ring (surrounding entrance)
  • terminal line (sacrum, ilium shaft, pubis)
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5
Q

What is the transverse and conjugate diameter

A

The transverse diameter: the greatest distance between arcuate lines of ilium.

The conjugate diameter: the distance between the sacral promontory and the pecten pubis.

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6
Q

Terminal parts of 3 systems

A
  1. Digestive tract
  2. Reproductive (male/female)
  3. Lower urinary tract
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7
Q

Where is the perineal region

A

extends from anus to scrotum/vulva

perineum: the wall and associated structures closing the pelvic outlet and surrounding the anal and urogenital canals

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8
Q

what muscles anchor the rectum in place (aka pelvic diaphragm)

A

coccygeus and levator ani
(2 V shaped muscles)

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9
Q

What holds the urogential diaphragm? (anchors repro tract)

A

mainly fascia

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10
Q

Most dorsal body system in the pelvis

A

GI system (rectum)

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11
Q

Most middle body system in the pelvis

A

repro system

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12
Q

Most ventral body system in the pelvis

A

urinary system

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13
Q

demarcation between descending colon and the rectum

A

pelvic inlet!

colon shifts from left side to the midline

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14
Q

Urinary bladder position

A

lies directly on pelvic floor
▪ Empty … thick wall, feels solid
– lies almost within the pelvic cavity

▪ Full … thin wall (may rupture if
blocked)
– Extends cranially into the abdomen

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15
Q

3 parts of urinary bladder

A

apex, body, and neck (fixed) ( cranial to caudal)

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16
Q

What is the urinary bladder trigone? and what are its boundaries?

A

smooth triangular region on the dorsal internal wall of the
bladder neck.

▪ Boundaries:
– the 2 openings of ureters
– the internal urethral orifice

17
Q

ventral to the urinary bladder is the

18
Q

dorsal to the urinary bladder is the

A

repro organs and supporting folds

19
Q

peritoneal fixation of the bladder

A

2 lateral ligaments , and median ligament
(round ligament is above lateral ligament)

20
Q

What is the urachus

A

embryonic patent urachus (umbilical cord on the inside of the fetus)

should go away after umbilical cord is cut, can leave a bladder diverticulum which can be a site for bacteria

21
Q

pelvic urethra in male

A
  • extends from bladder to pelvic outlet
  • widest diameter of entire urethral length
  • urethralis muscle
    thick layer of skeletal muscle – “external urethral sphincter

has pelvic and penile urethra in males

22
Q

dogs lack a ____ urethra

A

preprostatic

23
Q

pelvic urethra in females is ____ and opens into the ____

A

short, vestibule

24
Q

ductus deferns

A

continuation of the epididymis duct

terminates in the pelvic urethra

25
prostate gland in what specie ?
ALL
26
Where is the prostate gland
– surrounds neck of the bladder – Pelvic symphysis ventrally & the rectum dorsally.
27
Cats have a ______ (think BUGS)
bulbourethral gland
28
Cats vs dogs: prostate
In cats, the prostate is bi-lobed prostate, but only covers pelvic urethra dorsally and laterally in dogs, the prostate completely surrounds the urethra
29
What is prostatic disease
▪ → Constipation & Dysuria (painful urination) ▪ Digital palpation per rectum. ▪ Castration→no testosterone→ decrease size of the gland.
30
Location of uterus and ovary in pregnant vs non-pregnant
Non-pregnant dorsal to and mingle with jejunal loops. • Pregnant on the belly floor.
31
Clinical importance of rectal palpation
– Mainly Reproductive tract – Mainly in large animals – Dogs ▪ prostate gland ▪ part of physical exam - pregnancy detection and staging - breeding soundness exam - AI , therapy, diagnosis by transrectal ultrasound
32
What organs can you feel in large animal rectal palpation
- cecum - small intestine - colon - Kidney (left) - Reproductive tract - Rumen - Spleen (equine only)