Urogenital and Pelvic Diaphragms Flashcards
What two triangles make up the perineum?
The urogenital triangle and the anal triangle
*Pubic symphysis to ischial tuberosity to coccyx to ischial tuberosity to pubic symphysis
What are the differences of the hips in males vs females?
Males: are thicker and heavier Heart-shaped Round obturator foramen Narrow subpubic arch (less than 70 degrees)
Females: Thinner and lighter
Oval
Oval obturator foramen
Wide subpubic arch
The acetabulum is larger or smaller in males?
Larger
The greater sciatic notch is more narrow or wider in males?
A more narrow inverted V in males while in females is almost 90 degrees
What are the four types of pelvic shapes?
Android, gynecoid, anthropoid, and platypelloid
What pelvis is the normal female type?
Gynecoid
What pelvis is the normal male type?
Android
What are the non diaphragmatic pelvic muscles?
Obturator internus and piriformis
Where does the obturator internus m run?
From the internal surface of the obturator membrane to the greater trochanter
Where does the piriformis m run?
From the internal surface of the sacrum (surrounding the ventral rami) to the greater trochanter
What is the perineum?
The surface area of the trunk between the thighs and the buttocks
Pelvic diaphragm = ?
coccygeus + levator ani
Levator ani = ?
pubococcygeus + puborectalis + iliococcygeus
Where does the coccygeus attach to and lie?
Attaches from the ischial spine to the inferior sacrum and coccyx, lies directly anterior to the sacrospinous ligament
What is the posterior tendious arch that blends with anococcygeal ligament?
Iliococcygeus
What are the attachments to the pubococcygeus?
From the pubic ramus to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament
What muscle forms a loop around the anus?
puborectalis
What are subdivisions of the pubococcygeus?
Pubovaginalis and puboprostaticus
What fibers of the puborectalis loop around and help to support the vagina or prostate?
pubovaginalis or puboprostaticus
The tendinous arch of the levator ani muscles is derived from what?
obturator internus fascia
What is the wedge -shaped area between the skin and the interior surface of the pelvic diaphragm?
The ischioanal fossa, usually filled with fat and loose connective tissue
What makes the lateral boundary of the ischioanal fossa?
Ischium, obturator interus with fascia
What makes the medial boundary of the ischioanal fossa?
External anal sphincter with levator ani muscle
What makes the posterior boundary of the ischioanal fossa?
Sacrotuberous ligament and edge of gluteus maximus
What makes the anterior boundary of the ischioanal fossa?
Urogenital traingle and anterior recesses of the ischioanal fossa
The obturator internus has what canal?
the pudendal canal that holds the internal pudendal artery and vein with pudendal nerve
