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Anatomy II Test II - Jourdan > Female and Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Female and Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvic floor is formed by the bowl-shaped pelvic diaphragm which includes what?

A

The coccygeus and levator ani muscle group (LAM)

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2
Q

What makes up LAM?

A

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

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3
Q

The diaphragm attaches to a thickening in the obturator fascia known as what?

A

The tendinous arch of levator ani, which covers the obturator internus muscle overlying the lateral pelvic wall

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4
Q

What is the anterior gap in the medial borders of the LAM that allows passage of the urethra, and the vagina in females?

A

Urogential hiatus

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5
Q

What is mostly tonically contracted-resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure
Supports abdominopelvic viscera and
assists in maintaining urinary and fecal continence?

A

Urogential hiatus

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6
Q

What is actively contracted during activities and is innervated by the levator ani nerve, inferior rectal n, and coccygeal plexus?

A

Urogential hiatus

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7
Q

What nerve is injured during vaginal birth and pelvic reconstructive procedures?

A

The levator ani n

Arises from ventral sacral rami of S4 mostly

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8
Q

Disruption of what nerve leads to pelvic floor dysfunction and urinary incontinence and prolapse of pelvic viscera?

A

Levator ani n

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9
Q

What is a muscular tube located between the bladder and the rectum and inferior to the uterus?

A

Vagina

Opens through the perineal membrane into the vestibule

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10
Q

The vagina is about how long?

A

8cm

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11
Q

What is the vagina supported by?

A

The pubovaginalis part of the levator ani m. and the perineal membrane

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12
Q

Where does the urethra in females begin?

A

At the internal urethral orifice of the bladder

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13
Q

What does the urethra pass through?

A

The external urethral sphincter, perineal membrane then through the perineum and vestibule

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14
Q

What does the superior part of the vagina surround?

A

The cervix of the uterus

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15
Q

What is culdoscopy?

A

Tool to examine the uterine tubes or ovaries

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16
Q

What is culdocentesis?

A

To aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch

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17
Q

What is the arterial supply of the uterus, ovary, and vagina?

A

Ovarian, uterine and vaginal artery

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18
Q

Where does the ureter pass in relation to the uterine artery?

A

The ureter passes the uterine artery along the lateral sides of the uterus

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19
Q

The uterine arteries enter the sides of the uterus through what?

A

The broad ligament

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20
Q

Branches of the uterine arteries ascend and descend to anastomose with what?

A

The vaginal arteries and the ovarian arteries

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21
Q

What are the surfaces of the uterus?

A

Vesical surface and intestinal surface

22
Q

What are the parts of the uterus?

A 
Fundus
Uterine horns
Body of the uterus
Cervix of the uterus (with cervical canal)
Fornices
External os
Internal os
23
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

24
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

A

Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fibriae, ovary

25
Q

What do the uterine tubes transport?

A

The ovum to the uterus and is 10 cm long

26
Q

The distal ends of the tubes are open to what?

A

The peritoneum

27
Q

The fundus of the uterus is normally in what position?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed
The axis of the uterus is angled anteriorly (relative to the vagina) and the top of the fundus “flexes” anteriorly over the bladder

28
Q

If the uterus is not anteverted and antiflexed, what does it caused?

A

Increased intra-abdominal pressure can push the uterus inferiorly
Contributes to prolapse of the uterus

29
Q

What is a double layer of peritoneum that “drapes” over the uterus and associated structures?

A

The broad ligament of the uterus

30
Q

What encloses the round ligament of the uterus as it extends from the anterior-lateral part of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring?

A

The broad ligament

31
Q

What are condensations of endopelvic fascia that support the uterus and attach to the lateral sides of the uterus and vagina?

A

Transverse cervical ligaments

32
Q

What vessels and nerves run through (or along) the transverse cervical ligaments?

A

Uterine vessels

33
Q

What are condensations of endopelvic fascia that extend from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum?

A

Uterosacral ligaments

34
Q

What are the parts of the broad ligament?

A 
Mesoalpinx
mesovarium
mesometrium
suspensory ligament of the ovary
round ligament of the uterus
ligament of ovary
35
Q

The ligaments help to support the uterus, but what are extremely important in preventing prolapse of pelvic structures?

A

Levator ani muscle and the perineal body

36
Q

The ovaries are suspended from the lateral pelvic wall by what?

A

The suspensory ligament of the ovary which contains ovarian arteries, veins, nerves and lympatics

37
Q

The inferior part of the vagina is innervated by what?

A

Somatic branches from the internal pudendal n

38
Q

The middle and superior parts of the vagina and the uterus are innervated by what?

A

Visceral nn.

  • uterovaginal plexus (part of pelvic plexus)
  • sympathetics form lumbar splanchnics
  • parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnics S2, S3, S4 (motor to the uterus and vagina)
39
Q

Where are anesthetic agent injected into for spinal block?

A

The subarachnoid space between L3 and L4.

Produces complete anesthesia below the waist. uterine contractions cannot be felt

40
Q

What do peripheral nerve blocks allow?

A

Sensation of uterine contractions

41
Q

What occurs during the pudendal block?

A

Blocks S2, S3, and S4 dermatomes and the inferior part of the the vagina.

42
Q

What is the landmark for a pudendal block?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

43
Q

What abolishes sensation in the anterior vulva?

A

Ilioinguinal block

44
Q

In a peripheral nerve block, the pundendal and ilioinguinal block must be preformed. What may also need to be anesthetized?

A

The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (perineal branches)

45
Q

What is superior to perineal membrane and embedded within sphincter urethrae (external urethral sphincter) in males?

A

The bulbourethral glands

46
Q

What do bulborethral glands open into?

A

Spongy urethra

47
Q

What lubricates the urethra?

A

Mucus-like secretions from the bulbourethral glands

48
Q

Lymphatics - the prostate drains primarily into what?

A

internal iliac nodes

49
Q

lymphatics - the bladder drains primarily to what?

A

external iliac nodes

50
Q

Lymphatics - the perineal structures drain primarily to what?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

Anatomy II Test II - Jourdan (9 decks)

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