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Anatomy II Test II - Jourdan > Superficial Face > Flashcards

Superficial Face Flashcards

1
Q

Describe trigeminal neuralagia

A

Tic douloureux: sensory disorder of the tirgeminal nerve, characterized by sudden attacks of excruciating facial pain; predominantly affects V2 and V3; most cases probably due to compression of nerve root by blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the facial nerve branches in the face?

A

Tiny, zebra, bit, my, cheek; Temporal, zygomatic, buccal (NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH BUCCAL N OF TRI), mandibular, cervical

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3
Q

Describe Bell’s Palsy

A

Unilateral facial nerve paralysis; idiopathic, injury, cold, disease (herpes, lyme); cant blink, pucker lips, cant keep food in mouth while chewing

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4
Q

What is the treatment for Bell’s Palsy?

A

Steroid to reduce inflammation, antivirals, and eyedrops; for idiopathic causes: 80% recovery

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply for the for the superficial face and scalp?

A

External carotid arteries

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6
Q

What branches of the internal carotid supply the superficial face and scalp?

A

Supra-orbital artery and the supratrochlear artery

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7
Q

What are the branches of facial artery?

A

Superior and inferior labial aa. And angular a.(terminal branch)

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8
Q

What is the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar a that supplies the face?

A

Mental a

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9
Q

What arteries anastomose at the top of superficial head?

A

Supratrochlear, supra-orbital, superficial temporal, posterior auricular artery, occipital aa.

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10
Q

Veins of the face drain to what?

A

External jugular veins

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11
Q

What part of the face is most expressive?

A

the mouth

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12
Q

What consists of muscle fibers that encircle the opeing of the mouth?

A

Orbicularis oris

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13
Q

When the orbicularis oris contracts what happens?

A

the mouth closes

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14
Q

What muscle causes a frown?

A

Depressor anguli oris

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15
Q

What muscles causes you to blink/close eyes?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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16
Q

What muscle causes a smile?

A

Zygomaticus major

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17
Q

What muscle causes you to close mouth/kiss?

A

Orbicularis oris

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18
Q

What muscle causes you to wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrows

A

Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

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19
Q

What muscle tense skin of neck?

A

Playtsma

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20
Q

What is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid gland

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21
Q

Where is the parotid gland and duct is located?

A

located laterally in the face, just anterior and inferior to the ear

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22
Q

What does the parotid gland and duct receive its sensory innervation from?

A

Great auricular nerve

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23
Q

Parasympathetics of the paratid gland and ducts is via?

A

Glossopharyngeal n IX via posterior auricular n (postsynaptic from otic ganglion)

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24
Q

Where does the parotid duct deliver saliva?

A

To oral cavity, just lateral to the 2nd upper molar teeth

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25
Q

What are the parasympatheic actions of the facial nerve?

A

Salivation, tear productrion and nasal mucosa

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26
Q

What are the general sensory functions of the facial nerve?

A

Parts of the ear

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27
Q

Facial nerve provides motor to some neck muscles and muscle of middle ear True or False?

A

TRUE

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28
Q

What is the orbit?

A

A bony and soft tissue structure that houses the eye ball but also transmits vessels and nerves to the area surrounding the ocular region and the upper face

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29
Q

What is a layered organ that contains the optical apparatus of the visual system?

A

Eyeball

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30
Q

What is the function of the buccinator m? What is the innervation?

A

Compresses check, holds food between teeth during chewing. CN VII

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31
Q

What is the function of the depressor anguli oris m? Innervation?

A

Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and laterally

CN VII

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32
Q

What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris m? Innervation?

A

Draws lower lip inferiorly

CNVII

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33
Q

What is the function of levator anguli oris m? innervation?

A

Draws corners of mouth superiorly and laterally

CNVII

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34
Q

What is the function of levator labii superioris m? innervation?

A

Opens lips; raises and furrows the upper lip

CNVII

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35
Q

What is the function and innervation of mentalis m?

A

Protrudes lower lip; wrinkles chin

CNVII

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36
Q

What is the function and innervation of orbicularis oris m?

A

Compresses and purses lips

CNVII

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37
Q

What is the function and innervation of risorius m?

A

Draws corner of lip laterally; tenses lips; synergist of zygomaticus
CNVII

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38
Q

What is the function and innervation of zygomaticus major m?

A

Elevates corner of the mouth

CNVII

39
Q

What is the function and innervation of zygomaticus minor?

A

Elevates corner of the mouth

CNVII

40
Q

What creates the roof of the orbit?

A

sphenoid bone

frontal bone

41
Q

What creates the lateral wall of orbit?

A

frontal bone
sphenoid bone
zygomatic bone

42
Q

What creates the medial wall of orbit?

A

sphenoid bone
ethomoid bone
maxillary bone
lacrimal bone

43
Q

What creates the floor of orbit?

A

palatine bone
maxillary bone
zygomatic bone

44
Q

Nerves to the orbit and eyeball enter the orbit via what fissure ?

A

The superior orbital fissure in the sphenoid bone

*except optic nerve,

45
Q

What does the optic nerve enter the orbit via?

A

optic foramen

46
Q

What are the somatomotors to the extrinsic eye muscles?

A

Occulomotor n CNII
Trochlear n CNIV
Abducent n CN VI

47
Q

What are the secretomotor (autonomics) to the eye?

A 
Parasym = short cilliary nerves (postsynaptic from occulomotor n)
Parasym= lacrimal nerve (postsynaptic from facial n)
Sympath = long ciliary nerves (from carotid plexus) and short ciliary nerves
48
Q

What are the somatosensories of the eye?

A

Opthalmic division of trigeminal (CN VI) (frontal n, nasociliary, infratrochlear n)

49
Q

What is the special sense vision n for the eye?

A

optic nerve (CN II)

50
Q

What is the main arterial supply to the orbit and eyeball?

A

Ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid a)

51
Q

The venous drainage of the eye and optic is via what?

A

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

to cavernous sinus or pterygoid venous plexus

52
Q

What are the layers of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous, vascular and inner layer

53
Q

What makes up the fibrous layer of the eyeball?

A

outer layer consists of sclera and cornea

54
Q

What makes up the vascular layer of the eyeball?

A

Middle layer consists of choroid, ciliary body and iris

55
Q

What makes up the inner layer of the eyeball?

A

inner layer consists of retina (visual and nonvisual parts)

56
Q

What is the sclera?

A

opaque outer covering

57
Q

What is the cornea?

A

transparent part of sclera

58
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Layer between sclera and retina; very vascular

59
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

Muscular, provides attachment for lens and connects choroid to iris; controls thickness of lens; secretes aqueous humor

Ciliary muscles are controlled by parasympathetics

60
Q

What is the anterior chamber?

A

chamber of the eye between cornea and iris/pupil

61
Q

What is the posterior chamber?

A

chamber of the eye between iris/pupil and lens

62
Q

What is the iris?

A

pigmented (gives each person their eye color) and is capable of constricting to control how much light enters the pupil

63
Q

What is the dilator pupillae m?

A

muscle of the iris that dilates the iris under sympathetic control

64
Q

What is the sphincter pupillae m?

A

Muscle of the iris that constricts the iris; under parasympathetic control

65
Q

In the absence of nerve stimulation the ciliary muscle is relaxed causing the lens to do what?

A

Since the zonular fibers are under tension, it causes the lens to stretch thin to refract light for distant vision

66
Q

In the presence of parasympathetic stimulation, the ciliary muscle is contracted causing the lens to do what?

A

Since the zonular fibers are now more relaxed, the lens has internal tension and becomes more spherical to refract light for near vision

67
Q

What is the optic portion of the retina?

A

Visual portion: sensitive to light and has a pigmented layer (reduces scattering of light) and a neural layer (light receptive)

68
Q

What is the nonvisual portion of the retina?

A

An anterior continuation of pigmented layer associated with iris and ciliary body

69
Q

Where does the retina receive its blood from?

A

Central artery of the retina (from opthalmic a)

70
Q

The back of the eye contains a distinct circular area called what?

A

optic disc

71
Q

Where are the sensory nerve endings of the optic nerve concentrated?

A

optic disc

72
Q

What is lateral to the optic disc and functions in visual acuity?

A

macula lutea

73
Q

What is another name for extrinsic eye muscles?

A

extraocular muscles

74
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic eye muscles?

A

moves the eyeball

75
Q

Why are the eye muscles called extrinsic?

A

because they originate within the orbit and insert onto the sclera (2 intrinsic mm)

76
Q

What are the six extrinsic eye muscles?

A

rectus m
medial, lateral, inferior, superior

oblique m
inferior, superior

77
Q

What is the function and innervation of the medial rectus m?

A

moves eyeball medially (adducts)

CN III

78
Q

What is the function and innervation of the lateral recuts m?

A

laterally (abducts)

CN VI

79
Q

What is the function and innervation of the inferior rectus m?

A

inferiorly (depresses eye) and medially (adducts)

CNIII

80
Q

What is the function and innervation of the superior rectus m?

A

Superiorly and medially

CNIII

81
Q

What is the function and innervation of the inferior oblique m?

A

Moves eye superiorly and laterally

CNIII

82
Q

What is the function and innervation of the superior oblique m?

A

Inferiorly and laterally

CN IV

83
Q

What causes strabismus?

A

a lack of coordination between the eyes. They eyes look in different directions and do not focus at the same time on a single point

84
Q

What happens to the non-dominant eye with strabismus?

A

lazy eye becomes weaker over time and loses visual acquity (amblyopia)

85
Q

What can lead to strabismus?

A

birth injuries, diseases localized to eye or orbit, improper muscle attachment, heredity

86
Q

What is external strabismus?

A

damage to CN III (knocks out medial rectus) pulls eye laterally

87
Q

What is internal strabismus?

A

damage to abducens nerve which knocks out lateral rectus. eye pulled medially

88
Q

What is the general rule for cranial nerves and spinal nerves?

A

Cranial nerves innervate anterior head and face, while spinal nerves innervate posterior head and scalp

89
Q

What is the somatosensory for the anterior face?

A

Trigeminal Nerve V

90
Q

What is the somatosensory for the posterior head?

A

Greater, lesser occipital nerve and greater auricular nerve (C2, C3)

91
Q

What is the somatomotor for the anterior face?

A

Facial nerve VII

92
Q

What does the CN V1 innervate?

A

Supra-orbital, supratrochlear, lacrimal, infratrochlear, and external nasal (opthalamic division)

93
Q

What does the CN V2 innervate?

A

Infra-orbital, zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal (maxillary divison)

94
Q

What does the CN V3 innervate?

A

Mental, buccal, auriculotemporal (mandibular divison)

Anatomy II Test II - Jourdan (9 decks)

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