URO - Week 1 *** Flashcards
Male reproductive anatomy non-postered
What is the vaginal tunic?
an invagination of the peritoneum
State the 2 layers of the testes from outermost to innermost
visceral layer of the vaginal tunic
tunica albuginea
state the layers of the scrotum from outermost to innermost
scrotal skin
tunica dartos
scrotal fascia
parietal layer of the vaginal tunic
State the function of the testis
to produce spermatozoa and testosterone
Describe the appearance of the mediastinum of the testis on an ultrasound in a transverse view
circular appearance
Describe the appearance of the mediastinum of the testis on an ultrasound in a sagittal (longitudinal) view
linear appearance
Describe the structure of the epididymis. What general function does this structure enable?
it is one long convoluted duct surrounded by smooth muscle
the transport of spermatozoa
State 2 other general functions of the epididymis
resorption of fluid
secretion of proteins
Epididymis: State the function of the head and body
continuous transport of spermatozoa
Epididymis: State the function of the tail (2)
storage of mature spermatozoa
smooth muscle contracts during sexual stimulation to transport spermatozoa into the ductus deferens
What does the ductus deferens connect?
the tail of the epididymis to the pelvic urethra
How does the structure of the ductus deferens relate to its function?
it has a very strong smooth muscle wall for propulsion of spermatozoa
state 2 functions of the pampiniform plexus
heat exchange
testosterone transfer from testicular vein to testicular artery to produce a high local concentration in the testis
how does the pampiniform plexus regulate the temperature of the testis? 3
the venules carrying blood away from the testis wrap the testicular artery
heat is transferred from the testicular artery into the venous blood
this cools the blood being delivered to the testis
how does the pampiniform plexus have a function in testosterone transfer?
the concentration of testosterone is higher in the venules surrounding the testicular artery than in the arteriole blood
testosterone diffuses into arteriole blood down its concentration gradient to be delivered back to the testicle
why do we need mechanisms to cool down the testicles?
to enable sperm to be produced and survive
give 2 other ways the temperature of the testes is regulated
the tunica dartos muscle in the scrotal skin can have long lasting contractions to bring the testis into a warmer environment
the cremaster muscle in the spermatic cord can contract to enable short term elevation of the testes
What is the name given to the fluid created by all the accessory reproductive glands and epididymis secretions?
seminal plasma
what are the 2 different types of prostate gland?
corpus - sits on top of the urethra area
disseminate - sits within the urethralis muscle
State the 2 striated muscles responsible for transporting semen through the urethra?
urethralis muscle
bulbospongiosus muscle
What is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscle? 2
it encloses the crura penis
it is important for erection
Erectile tissue: How many column of erectile tissue are there in the penis?
- what are they
3
2 corpus cavernosums
corpus spongiosum
erectile tissue - describe the structure of the corpus cavernosum
surrounded by dense connective tissue called the tunica albuginea
erectile tissue - describe the structure of the corpus spongiosum
surrounds the urethra
state the 2 types of penis
fibroelastic
musculocavernous
describe the structure of the fibroelastic penis
2
lots of fibroelastic tissue in the corpus cavernosum
little increase in length and girth during erection
how does an erection occur for a fibroelastic penis? 2
- state species with this type of penis 2
the retractor penis muscles relax
the sigmoid flexure stretches
pig
ruminants
which species have a musculocavernous penis 2
- describe this type of penis 2
stallion
dog
contains more muscular and less connective tissue in the corpus cavernosum
significant increase in length and girth during erection
what other structure do dogs have in there penis?
os penis
what is the glans penis supported by?
what about in dogs
- what is its role
the corpus spongiosum
the corpus spongiosum and the os penis
it is the opening to the urethra
