Group 1 - set 1/4 - Male Repro Anatomy COMPLETE***

Question 1

State the names of the features of the male reproductive tract from testis (6)

Answer 1

testis
epididymis
ductus deferens
accessory reproductive glands
pelvic urethra
penis

Question 2

Testis: Where are the testis located?
-Describe the layers surrounding the Testis from the outermost to the innermost layer (2)
- Describe the layers of the scrotum starting form the innermost layer (4)

Answer 2

in an invagination in the peritoneum in the scrotum

visceral layer of vaginal tunic
tunica albuginea

parietal layer of the vaginal tunic
scrotal fascia
tunica dartos
scrotal skin

Question 2

Testis: What is the name given to the space between the 2 layers of the vaginal tunic?
- What fluid is it filled with and why?

Answer 2

vaginal cavity
peritoneal fluid because the vaginal cavity is continuous with the peritoneal cavity

Question 2

Testis: What is the function of the Testis? (2)

Answer 2

production of spermatozoa
production of hormones including testosterone

Question 3

Testis: What does the Tunica Albuginea do? (2)

Answer 3

it sends out finger like projections into the parenchyma of the testis
it has contractile abilities

Question 4

Testis: Describe the position of the two testis in the scrotum (2)

Answer 4

each testis has a separate compartment in the scrotum
the compartments are separated by a septum

Question 5

Testis: Describe the structure of the seminiferous tubule in each lobule of the testis

Answer 5

a highly convoluted unbranched tube

Question 5

Testis: What is the germinal epithelium?
- Name one type of cell contained within the germinal epithelium
- Name one type of cell in the interstitial layer around the edge of the sex cords

Answer 5

the epithelial layer of the seminiferous tubules of the testicles

sertoli cells

leydig cells

Question 6

Testis: State the name of each tube from the lobule to the mediastinum of the testis (3)
- What is the name of the tubes taking sperm form the mediastinum to the head of the epididymis?

Answer 6

seminiferous tubule
tubules rectus
rete tubules

efferent ducts

Question 7

Epididymis: What are the overall functions of this structure? (3)
- What is Epididymal transit time?

Answer 7

transport of spermatozoa
resorption of fluid
secretion of proteins

the time taken for spermatozoa to travel from the proximal head to the distal tail of the epididymis

Question 8

Epididymis: Describe its structure?
- State the 3 main parts of its structure

Answer 8

a long convoluted duct running from the testes to the ductus deferens
it is surrounded by smooth muscle

head
body
tail

Question 8

Testis: Upon ultrasound, what can be seen when looking at the testis on:
- Transverse View
- Longitudinal view

Answer 8

hyperechoic mediastinum appears as a circle in the centre of the testis

hyperechoic mediastinum appears as a line across the middle of the testis

Question 9

Epididymis: What is the function of the head and body of the epididymis
- What is the function of the tail of the Epididymis? (2)

Answer 9

continuous transport of spermatozoa

storage of mature spermatozoa
smooth muscle contraction during sexual stimulation to transport spermatozoa into ductus defers

Question 10

Ductus Deferens: What structures does the Ductus Deferens connect?
- What is its role?

Answer 10

the tail of the epididymis to the pelvic urethra

to transport sperm from the tail of the epididymis to the pelvic urethra

Question 11

Ductus Deferens: What anatomical structures does the Ductus Deferens have to pass through to reach the pelvic urethra? (3)
- Where does the superficial inguinal ring occur?

Answer 11

superficial inguinal ring
inguinal canal
deep inguinal ring

where the internal and external abdominal oblique muscles cross over

Question 11

Ductus Deferens: Why does the Ductus Deferens have a very strong smooth muscle wall?

Answer 11

to propel spermatozoa in the lumen

Question 12

What structures make up the spermatic cord? (6)

Answer 12

ductus deferns
pampiniform plexus
nerve supply for testis
lymphatics supply for testis
cremaster muscle
visceral and parental layers of the vaginal tunic

Question 13

Pelvic Urethra: The Ductus Deferens empties the sperm into the pelvic urethra -
- What structure also empties into the pelvic urethra?
- What structures are found superficially, going further along the Pelvic Urethra?

Answer 13

the bladder

accessory reproductive glands

Question 14

Pampiniform Plexus: What does this structure consist of?
- State 2 functions
- Explain how its structure relates to these functions (3) (2)

Answer 14

testicular artery and vein

heat exchange to maintain the testis at a cool temperature
testosterone transfer from the testicular vein to the testicular artery to maintain high local concentrations of testosterone in the testis

the testicular artery is highly convoluted as it moves down towards the testis
the testicular venules wrap around the testicular artery
heat exchange occurs, cooling the blood in the artery and warming the blood leaving the testis

testosterone is produced in the testis and passes into venous blood at a high concentration
since the concentration of testosterone is higher in the venous blood than the blood in the artery the testosterone diffuses back into the arteriole blood

Question 15

State the 3 Structures responsible for temperature control in the testis
- What is the Tunica Dartos?
- How does it carry out this function?
- What is the cremaster muscle?
- How does it carry out this function?

Answer 15

pampiniform plexus
tunica dartos
cremaster muscle

a smooth muscle in the scrotal skin

it can facilitate a long lasting contraction to bring the testes into a warmer environment

a striated muscle in the spermatic cord

it can facilitate short term elevation of the testes into a warmer environment

Question 16

Testis Blood supply: State the blood supply for the Testis (2)
- What are they a direct branch of?
- State the venous supply form the Testis (2)
- What are they branches of? (2)

Answer 16

left testicular artery
right testicular artery

the abdominal aorta

left testicular vein
right testicular vein

left testicular vein is a branch of the left renal vein which is a branch of the caudal vena cava

right testicular vein is a direct branch form the caudal vena cava

Question 17

State the blood supply for the accessory glands, urethra and penis
- What is this artery a branch from? (3)
- What is the innervation for the penis?

Answer 17

the internal pudendal artery

it is the terminal branch of the internal iliac artery
which is a branch of the external iliac artery
which is a branch of the abdominal aorta

dorsal penis nerve

Question 18

Accessory Reproductive Glands: What do they do?
- State the names of all the possible accessory glands (4)

Answer 18

they produce seminal plasma along with the epididymis

ampulla of the ductus deferens
vesicular glands
prostate glands
bulbourethral gland

Question 19

Accessory Reproductive Glands: Where are the ampulla located?
- How do they appear?

Answer 19

at the top of the ductus deferens
swollen and thick

Question 20

Accessory Reproductive Glands: Where are the Vesicular glands located?

Answer 20

at the neck of the bladder

Question 21

Accessory Reproductive Glands: What are the 2 possible forms of prostate gland?
- Where does the prostate gland sit?
- Where would the corpus prostate be located if the animal had this type of prostate gland?
- What about the Disseminate prostate?

Answer 21

corpus prostate
disseminate prostate

between the vesicular glands

on top of the pelvic urethra

within the urothralis muscle which runs within the pelvic urethra

Question 22

Accessory Reproductive Glands: Where would you find the Bulbourethral glands?

Answer 22

at the base of the penis

Question 23

Accessory Reproductive Glands: Which Accessory reproductive glands does a Stallion have?
- What about in a Bull?
- What is the only difference in accessory glands between these 2 species?
- What is the Colliculus Seminalis?

Answer 23

all of them

all of them

the bull has very small corpus prostate glands

the opening of ejaculatory ducts, the common duct of the ampulla and the vesicular glands

Question 24

Accessory Reproductive Glands: Which accessory reproductive glands does the Boar have?

Answer 24

all except for ampulla

Question 25

State 3 common Prostatic Diseases in dogs

Answer 25

benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostatic cysts
bacterial prostatitis

Question 25

Accessory Reproductive Glands: Which accessory glands does the Dog have?
- Describe the structure of the Corpus prostate

Answer 25

only ampulla and corpus prostate

bilobed

Question 26

State the names of the 2 main muscles of the Male Reproductive tract and state where they are located
- What is the main function of these 2 muscles?

Answer 26

urethras muscle surrounding the pelvic urethra

bulbospongiosus muscle surrounding the bulbourethral glands and penile urethra

transport of semen through the urethra

Question 27

What other structure could be affected by Prostatic disease in dogs and why?
- What clinical sign can this lead to?
- What does this entail?

Answer 27

the rectum due to compression by enlarged prostate gland

tenesmus

straining to defecate

Question 28

Penis: What is the name given to the root of the penis?
- Where is the root of the penis attached to the pelvis?
- What is the name given to the middle majority of the penis?
- What name is given to the tip of the penis?

Answer 28

crura

ischiadic arch

shaft of the penis

glans penis

Question 29

Crus Penis: Which muscle encloses the crura penis?
- What is the other function of this muscle?

Answer 29

ischiocavernosus muscle

important for erection

Question 30

Musculocavernous Penis: Which species have this type of penis?
- How is the Corpus Cavernosum different?
- What does this mean for erections?

Answer 30

stallion and dogs

there is more muscular tissue and less connective tissue in the corpus cavernosum

during erection there is significant increase in length and girth

Question 31

Erectile Tissue: State the name of the 3 columns of erectile tissue in the penis
- Where does the Corpus Cavernosum start?
- What is it surrounded by?
- What does the Corpus Spongiosum surround?

Answer 31

carpus cavernosum
corpus spongiosum

at the base of the crura
dense connective tissue called the tunic albuginea

the urethra

Question 32

State the names of the 2 types of Penis

Answer 32

Fibroelastic
musculocavernous

Question 33

Fibroelastic Penis: Which species have this type of penis? (2)
- What is different with the corpus cavernosum?
- What does this mean for erections?
- What happens during erections? (2)

Answer 33

ruminants and pigs

there is more fibroelastic tissue in the corpus cavernosum

during erection there is little increase in length and girth

the retractor penis muscle relaxes
the sigmoid flexure stretches

Question 34

What structure does a dog penis contain that other species dont have?
- What type of structure is this?

Answer 34

os penis

a bone

Question 35

What is the Glans Penis?
- What is the Glans Penis supported by?
- What else is it supported by in dogs?

Answer 35

the opening of the urethra

the corpus spongiosum
the os penis

Question 36

Glans Penis: What is different about the glans penis in:
- Cats
- Rams

Answer 36

they have penile spines

they have a urethral process

Question 37

Equine Pre-breeding Examination: Which structures of the glans penis would you swab during pre breeding examination? (3)

Answer 37

urethral process
fossa glandis
urethral sinus