Group 1 - Set 2/4 - Female Repro Anatomy COMPLETE ***

Question 1

Ovary: What makes up the cortex?
- What structures are contained within the medulla? 2

Answer 1

germinal epithelium

lymph vessels
vasculature

Question 1

Ovary: Generally, where are the follicles primarily located?

Answer 1

towards the outer surface of the ovary

Question 1

Which internal genital organs have been derived from the Paramesonephric ducts? 3

Answer 1

uterine tube
uterus
vagina

Question 2

Ovary: For a bovine ovary, where on the outer surface are the follicles located?

Answer 2

over the whole surface

Question 3

Ovary: For a bovine ovary, how big can the corpus luteum get?
- Describe its structure

Answer 3

up to 25mm

a solid tissue structure

Question 4

Ovary: How large are equine ovaries?
- What is different about equine ovaries in comparison to bovine ovaries?
- What is significant about the ovarian fossa?

Answer 4

8-10cm

the cortex is only found at the ovarian fossa

ovulation will only occur at this location

Question 4

Oviduct: State another name given to the oviduct
- State the 4 layers of the tube from inside to outside

Answer 4

uterine tube

secretory mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

Question 5

Oviduct: Describe its structure 3

Answer 5

it is a continuation of the tip of the uterine horn
it is convoluted
it runs within the mesosalpinx

Question 6

Oviduct: What 3 regions can the Oviduct be split into?
- Describe the structure of the Infundibulum
- What is the function of the infundibulum?

Answer 6

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

covered in fimbriae

to capture the oocyte

Question 7

Oviduct: Where is the Ampulla located?
- Where is the Isthmus located?

Answer 7

near the ovary

next to the uterus

Question 8

Oviduct: What is the function of uterine tube secretions? 2

Answer 8

to initiate sperm capacitation
to aid fertilisation and early development

Question 9

Oviduct: What is the function of the uterine tube? 4

Answer 9

catching the oocyte
oocyte transport
sperm transport and storage
environment for fertilisation

Question 10

Uterus: State the 3 layers of the uterus from innermost to outermost

Answer 10

endometrium
myometrium
serosa

Question 11

Oviduct: For a Bitch, where does the uterine tube run?
- what does the bursa contain?

Answer 11

within the wall of the bursa

lots of adipose tissue

Question 12

Uterus: What is the function of the Uterus? 5

Answer 12

sperm transport and storage
production of prostaglandin F2 alpha to control cyclical activity
environment for early embryo
contribution to the placenta
parturition

Question 13

Uterus: Which 2 anatomical sections can the uterus be divided into?

Answer 13

uterine body and uterine horns

Question 13

Uterus: State the 3 types of Uterus and describe their structure 3

Answer 13

bicornuate uterus has 2 uterine horns and a small uterine body

simplex uterus has a uterine body and no uterine horns

duplex uterus has 2 cervical canals and separate uterine horns

Question 14

Uterus Morphology: Describe the structure of the uterine horns in the Cow
- What about in the Sow?
- What about in the Mare?
- What about the bitch?

Answer 14

uterine horns are curved

uterine horns are long and coiled in the caudal direction

uterine horns are straight

uterine horns are straight

Question 15

Uterus: What is the function of the Myometrium?

Answer 15

gamete transport and parturition

Question 16

Uterus: What is the function of endometrial glands within the endometrium?

Answer 16

secretion of histotroph into the lumen when stimulated by prostaglandin

Question 17

Uterus: What structure is present on the endometrium of cows and ewes?
- What about for sow and mare?

Answer 17

caruncles

endometrial folds

Question 18

Cervix: Describe its barrier function
- For which species does it act as a barrier to sperm transport during oestrus?
- For which species does it allow sperm transport during oestrus?

Answer 18

it acts as a barrier to the uterus during pregnancy and other stages except oestrus

cow and ewe

mare and sow

Question 19

Cervix: When does it produce mucus?
- What is the function of this mucus? 3

Answer 19

during oestrus

the mucus flows towards the exterior
it lubricates the vagina for copulation
it flushes out foreign material
it minimises the introduction of microorganisms

Question 20

Cervix: What happens to the cervix during pregnancy? 2
- What name is given to this process?

Answer 20

the mucous becomes more viscous and glues the folds together
stimulated by prolonged progesterone

the cervical seal of pregnancy

Question 21

Cervix: Which species have multiple cervical rings/folds? 4 - describe the structure of the cervical folds in the cow and ewe - what about the sow - what about the mare

Answer 21

cow ewe sow mare interlocking folds spiral interlocking folds loosely apposed folds

Question 22

Vagina: Histologically, what 3 subdivisions can the vagina be divided into? - Where does the caudal vagina run? - Where does the vestibule run?

Answer 22

cranial vagina caudal vagina vestibule between the cranial vagina and urethral orifice between the urethral orifice and vulva

Question 23

Vagina: What are the 3 functions of the vagina?

Answer 23

copulation parturition micturition

Question 24

Vagina: How does a fornix vagina form? - Which species does this occur in? 3

Answer 24

when the cervix protrudes into the cranial vagina forming a crypt bitch cow mare

Question 25

Vestibule: Compared to the vagina, where does the vestibule originate form embryologically?

Answer 25

the urogenital sinus

Question 26

Vestibule: What structure is present on the ventral surface of the vestibule in some species (cow and sow)? - Why might this be problematic?

Answer 26

suburethral diverticulum during artificial insemination

Question 27

Ligaments: What is the function of the broad ligament? 2

Answer 27

to support and suspend the reproductive tract contains vascular supply, lymphatic drainage and nerves

Question 28

Broad Ligament: What 3 sections can the broad ligament be divided into and what is the function of each?

Answer 28

mesovarium contains vascular supply and lymphatic drainage for the ovary mesosalpinx supports the oviduct and serves as a bursa surrounding the ovary mesometrium supports the uterine horns and body of the uterus

Question 29

Ligaments: state 3 other ligaments associated with the female reproductive tract and what are their functions?

Answer 29

the suspensory ligament attaches the ovary to the dorsal aspect of the abdominal cavity the proper ligament attaches the ovary to the tip of the uterine horn the round ligament runs from the tip of the uterine horn to the inguinal canal and vulva it provides secondary support for the uterus within the pelvis keeps uterus in anteverted position flexed over the bladder

Question 30

Bloody Supply: Which artery supplies the ovary? - What is it a branch of?

Answer 30

the ovarian artery the aorta

Question 31

Blood Supply: Which artery supplies the vagina? - What is it a branch of? - What other structures does this artery supply? 2

Answer 31

vaginal artery the internal iliac artery the cervix the uterus

Question 32

Blood Supply: Which artery primarily supplies the uterus? - What is this a branch of? - Which species is this not present in? - In which ligament does it run?

Answer 32

the uterine artery the internal iliac artery dogs and cats the broad ligament

Question 33

Describe how the Utero-ovarian counter-current system works 4

Answer 33

prostaglandin f2 alpha is secreted by the endometrium it diffuses into the ovarian vein it diffuses out of the ovarian vein into the ovarian artery due to intertwining of the blood vessels high concentrations of prostaglandin f2 alpha are delivered to the ovary

Question 34

Innervation: What division of the nervous system supplies the female reproductive tract? - What supply do the ovaries receive? - From which plexus? - What supply does the Uterus, cervix and vagina receive? - From which plexus?

Answer 34

the autonomic nervous system sympathetic supply mesenteric plexus parasympathetic and sympathetic supply form the pelvic plexus