Group 1 - Set 2/4 - Female Repro Anatomy COMPLETE *** Flashcards
Ovary: What makes up the cortex?
- What structures are contained within the medulla? 2
germinal epithelium
lymph vessels
vasculature
Ovary: Generally, where are the follicles primarily located?
towards the outer surface of the ovary
Which internal genital organs have been derived from the Paramesonephric ducts? 3
uterine tube
uterus
vagina
Ovary: For a bovine ovary, where on the outer surface are the follicles located?
over the whole surface
Ovary: For a bovine ovary, how big can the corpus luteum get?
- Describe its structure
up to 25mm
a solid tissue structure
Ovary: How large are equine ovaries?
- What is different about equine ovaries in comparison to bovine ovaries?
- What is significant about the ovarian fossa?
8-10cm
the cortex is only found at the ovarian fossa
ovulation will only occur at this location
Oviduct: State another name given to the oviduct
- State the 4 layers of the tube from inside to outside
uterine tube
secretory mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
Oviduct: Describe its structure 3
it is a continuation of the tip of the uterine horn
it is convoluted
it runs within the mesosalpinx
Oviduct: What 3 regions can the Oviduct be split into?
- Describe the structure of the Infundibulum
- What is the function of the infundibulum?
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
covered in fimbriae
to capture the oocyte
Oviduct: Where is the Ampulla located?
- Where is the Isthmus located?
near the ovary
next to the uterus
Oviduct: What is the function of uterine tube secretions? 2
to initiate sperm capacitation
to aid fertilisation and early development
Oviduct: What is the function of the uterine tube? 4
catching the oocyte
oocyte transport
sperm transport and storage
environment for fertilisation
Uterus: State the 3 layers of the uterus from innermost to outermost
endometrium
myometrium
serosa
Oviduct: For a Bitch, where does the uterine tube run?
- what does the bursa contain?
within the wall of the bursa
lots of adipose tissue
Uterus: What is the function of the Uterus? 5
sperm transport and storage
production of prostaglandin F2 alpha to control cyclical activity
environment for early embryo
contribution to the placenta
parturition
Uterus: Which 2 anatomical sections can the uterus be divided into?
uterine body and uterine horns
Uterus: State the 3 types of Uterus and describe their structure 3
bicornuate uterus has 2 uterine horns and a small uterine body
simplex uterus has a uterine body and no uterine horns
duplex uterus has 2 cervical canals and separate uterine horns
Uterus Morphology: Describe the structure of the uterine horns in the Cow
- What about in the Sow?
- What about in the Mare?
- What about the bitch?
uterine horns are curved
uterine horns are long and coiled in the caudal direction
uterine horns are straight
uterine horns are straight
Uterus: What is the function of the Myometrium?
gamete transport and parturition
Uterus: What is the function of endometrial glands within the endometrium?
secretion of histotroph into the lumen when stimulated by prostaglandin
Uterus: What structure is present on the endometrium of cows and ewes?
- What about for sow and mare?
caruncles
endometrial folds
Cervix: Describe its barrier function
- For which species does it act as a barrier to sperm transport during oestrus?
- For which species does it allow sperm transport during oestrus?
it acts as a barrier to the uterus during pregnancy and other stages except oestrus
cow and ewe
mare and sow
Cervix: When does it produce mucus?
- What is the function of this mucus? 3
during oestrus
the mucus flows towards the exterior
it lubricates the vagina for copulation
it flushes out foreign material
it minimises the introduction of microorganisms
Cervix: What happens to the cervix during pregnancy? 2
- What name is given to this process?
the mucous becomes more viscous and glues the folds together
stimulated by prolonged progesterone
the cervical seal of pregnancy
Cervix: Which species have multiple cervical rings/folds? 4
- describe the structure of the cervical folds in the cow and ewe
- what about the sow
- what about the mare
cow ewe sow mare
interlocking folds
spiral interlocking folds
loosely apposed folds
Vagina: Histologically, what 3 subdivisions can the vagina be divided into?
- Where does the caudal vagina run?
- Where does the vestibule run?
cranial vagina
caudal vagina
vestibule
between the cranial vagina and urethral orifice
between the urethral orifice and vulva
Vagina: What are the 3 functions of the vagina?
copulation
parturition
micturition
Vagina: How does a fornix vagina form?
- Which species does this occur in? 3
when the cervix protrudes into the cranial vagina forming a crypt
bitch
cow
mare
Vestibule: Compared to the vagina, where does the vestibule originate form embryologically?
the urogenital sinus
Vestibule: What structure is present on the ventral surface of the vestibule in some species (cow and sow)?
- Why might this be problematic?
suburethral diverticulum
during artificial insemination
Ligaments: What is the function of the broad ligament? 2
to support and suspend the reproductive tract
contains vascular supply, lymphatic drainage and nerves
Broad Ligament: What 3 sections can the broad ligament be divided into and what is the function of each?
mesovarium contains vascular supply and lymphatic drainage for the ovary
mesosalpinx supports the oviduct and serves as a bursa surrounding the ovary
mesometrium supports the uterine horns and body of the uterus
Ligaments: state 3 other ligaments associated with the female reproductive tract and what are their functions?
the suspensory ligament attaches the ovary to the dorsal aspect of the abdominal cavity
the proper ligament attaches the ovary to the tip of the uterine horn
the round ligament runs from the tip of the uterine horn to the inguinal canal and vulva
it provides secondary support for the uterus within the pelvis
keeps uterus in anteverted position flexed over the bladder
Bloody Supply: Which artery supplies the ovary?
- What is it a branch of?
the ovarian artery
the aorta
Blood Supply: Which artery supplies the vagina?
- What is it a branch of?
- What other structures does this artery supply? 2
vaginal artery
the internal iliac artery
the cervix
the uterus
Blood Supply: Which artery primarily supplies the uterus?
- What is this a branch of?
- Which species is this not present in?
- In which ligament does it run?
the uterine artery
the internal iliac artery
dogs and cats
the broad ligament
Describe how the Utero-ovarian counter-current system works 4
prostaglandin f2 alpha is secreted by the endometrium
it diffuses into the ovarian vein
it diffuses out of the ovarian vein into the ovarian artery due to intertwining of the blood vessels
high concentrations of prostaglandin f2 alpha are delivered to the ovary
Innervation: What division of the nervous system supplies the female reproductive tract?
- What supply do the ovaries receive?
- From which plexus?
- What supply does the Uterus, cervix and vagina receive?
- From which plexus?
the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic supply
mesenteric plexus
parasympathetic and sympathetic supply
form the pelvic plexus
