Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Equine > Uro and optho > Flashcards

Uro and optho Flashcards

1
Q

what antibiotics can have renal effects in horses

A

Aminoglycoside like Gentamicin
Oxytet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What reagent strip result is false in horse urinalysis?

A

Protein due to their alkaline urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two compounds measure GFR

A

Creatinine and urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does AKI commonly occur? and what happens?

A

Hospitalised horses show a marked decrease in GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can cause Haemodynamic AKI?

A

Conditions causing sustained marked hypotension like enterocolitis, septic shock, Haemorrhagic shock, coagulopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can cause nephrotoxic AKI?

A

Antibiotics (Aminoglycosides + Oxytet)
NSAIDs
Myopathies and haemolysis (Myoglobin and Hb cause tubular damage)
Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What blood parameter is increased with ARF?

A

Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What USG are ARF patients typically?

A

Isosthenuric
Hyposthenuric if pre-renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ultrasound appearance of AKI kidneys

A

Increased cortico-medullary definition
Enlarged kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Common immune complexes that can cause CKD by glomerular disease?

A

Streptococcus complex deposition
Also equine infectious anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common signs of CRF?

A

PU/PD, weight loss, ventral oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dietary management of CKD:

A
  1. Balanced protein to maintain weight
  2. Low salt
  3. Low carbohydrates
  4. Encourage diuresis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brown/red urine, Heam +ive, once spun has clear supernatant =

A

Whole blood so haematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Common cause of Myoglobinuria

A

Myopathy => myoglobin in blood causes tubular damage => myoglobin enters urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Common cause of haemoglobinuria

A

Intravascular haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of haematuria

A

Exercise-induced, uroliths, UTI, pyelonephritis, neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 physiological causes of PUPD

A

Excess diet protein
excess diet salt
High environmental temperature
Drugs like glucocorticoids, alpha-2, diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cause of PUPD in adult horses

A

Is it not PPID??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 3 mechanics cause PUPD in PPID

A
  1. osmotic dieresis due to high plasma glucose
  2. ADH antagonism by cortisol
  3. Adenoma growth may effect ADH storage and production in pituitary gland
20
Q

What are the two forms of diabetes insidious

A
  1. Neurogenic (inadequate ADH secretion)
  2. Nephrogenic (decreased sensitivity)
21
Q

Signs of DI after water deprivation test:

A

Failure to concentrate urine

22
Q

How does cortisol cause PUPD in EMS and PPID?

A

High cortisol = antagonises insulin = higher blood glucose = osmotic dieresis ve
also antagonises ADH

23
Q

Value for Hypothosthenuria? and what does it indicate?

A

USG <1.008
Kidney actively excreting water
DI and APP

24
Q

Value for Isosthenuria? and what does it indicate?

A

USG 1.008-1.014
Kidney neither concentrating or diluting
CRF

25
Use of the water deprivation test?
To differentiate PI from APP
26
What is Anisocoria
unequal pupil sizes
27
what is Epiphora
excessive tearing caused by excessive tear production or secondary to poor drainage
28
what is miosis
Pupil constriction
29
what is Mydriasis
Pupil dilation
30
Difference between horse optic disc and other species?
Sits in non-tapetal fundus (sits across both in others) Lots of fine blood vessels (only 2/3 larger BVs in others)
31
Reflexes and responses to check in horses
Responses = menace Reflexes = PLR, dazzle, palpebral
32
What is ptosis?
Upper eyelid drooping
33
What nerve can be blocked for ophthalmology?
auriculopalpebral
34
Use of a slit lamp:
To distinguish depth of lesions
35
Name a mydriatic that can help in examinations
Tropicamide Atropine technically but lasts a couple weeks... (use in uveitis)
36
Where is the cornea thicker when checked with tonometry?
Thin = centre Thick = limbus
37
What topical anaesthesia can be used
Tetracaine or proxymetacaine
38
2 common eye dyes
Fluorescein Rose bengal
39
What are vitreous floaters? and what do they indicate?
= proteinaceous debris floating in the vitreous. Sign that there's been inflammation
40
Common steps in corneal ulcer management
1. Debride 2. Manage pain (NSAIDs) 3. Antibiotics (Cloxacillin or chloramphenicol)
41
What should never be used with corneal ulcers
STEROIDS!
42
What virus can cause keratitis
EHV
43
Treatment of immune-mediated keratitis? And what should you check first?
Dexamethasone ONLY if no fluorescein uptake first
44
Two common bulbar neoplasia
SCC Melanoma
45
What can cause uveitis? Tx?
Trauma, ulceration, ocular disease Atropine and topical steroids
46
When is uveitis suspected as Equine recurrent uveitis
More than once => suspect ERU

Equine (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions