GIT Flashcards
What sign hints at a strangulation or the presence of necrotic bowel?
If lactate in peritoneal fluid is more than double the concentration in blood
What is EOTRH?
Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis
Causes reabsorption of roots +/-cement deposition, teeth become loose and painful. Hyperplastic gum margin
What causes caries?
Acidogenic bacteria cause erosion to cement
How do you perform the OGAT?
Starve horse overnight
(1g/kg in a 10-20% solution) administered by nasogastric tube
Blood glucose should double or increase by at least 80% in the first 2 hours, and then insulin should take over
How thick should the SI and LI be on ultrasound?
SI ~ 3mm
LI ~ 4mm
What 2 drugs should you use to treat Cyathostominosis
Pre-treat with steroids to prep for inflammation caused by mass emergence of hypobiotic larvae
Then Moxidectin
What number are the wolf teeth
xx5
(xx4 = canines)
what is a diastema and how are they caused
Diastema - space or gap between two teeth
o Typically due to lack of angulation
how can eruption times help age
o Have full set of incisors by aged 5
o Erupt at 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5
what are the dark brown parts in the middle of horses teeth lol
secondary dentine, surrounded by primary dentine
Only mandibular teeth have infundibulum which are cream/yellow
which teeth have roots in sinuses
upper 08-11
8 + 9 rostral maxillary
10 + 11 caudal maxillary
first two cheek teeth don’t
what two views are used to image the incisors
DV
VD
Views to view the cheek teeth
Which ones are not superimosed
Lateral lateral
Dorsal ventral
Non-superimposed
Maxillary CT: dorsal lateral, ventral lateral 30 degree oblique
Mandibular CT: ventral lateral, dorsal lateral 45 degrees oblique
signs of a peri-apical abscess on radiography
- Widening of periodontal space
- Loss of lamina dura (bright)
Periapical bone lysis - Periapical lucency
Common serum protein findings with weight loss
Low total proteins and hypoalbuminaeia
can have high total proteins if high globulins in chronic inflammation and neoplasia
signs of liver disease and explanation
Weight loss: Anorexia and abnormal metabolism
Colic, D+, ascites: From hepatic swelling, portal hypertension, altered microflora
3 types of CIBD
granulomatous enteritis (lymphocytes and macrophages)
eosinophilic enterocolitis (eosinophils)
Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic Enterocolitis (in the name)
what biopsies are good for the different types of CIBD
- Eosinophilic = Full-thickness is Gold standard (Also for Lymphoma and Grass sickness (ileum))
- MEED (type of eosinophilic) = rectal (50% success )
- Granulomatous enteritis = rectal
Always unreliable for Lymphocytic-plasmacytic
Dx of granulomatous enteritis
CS: wight loss, anorexia, skin lesions on coronet
low albumin
rectal biopsy
abnormal OGAT
Dx of lymphocytic enteritis
Cs: weight loss
Abnormal OGAT
Biopsy unreliable
dx of the different eosinophilic enterocolitis
MEED = multisytemic. weight loss, skin lesions, liver disease (high GGT). Albumin and anemia variable
- 50% on rectal biopsy
Focal = segmental lesions. colic. WEIGHT LOSS RARE
- normal albumin and bloods
tx of CIBD
Prolonged corticosteroid therapy:
- 2 weeks dexamethasone 0.05 mg/kg IM daily for 2 weeks, then preds for 3 weeks
- Or dexamethasone for 3 weeks followed by 6 weeks of tapering
Resection and anastomosis: localized diseases like idiopathic eosinophilic enteritis
Dietary recommendations
o Minimize SI function: more fibre
o Add vegetable oils to diet
What causes proliferative enteropathy
Lawsonia intracellularis
seen in weaning foals under stress
Tx of Proliferative enteropathy
Tetracyclines like OxyTet followed by Doxycycline
