Urines

Question 1

Idea for substances that require concentration or incubation for detection
confirm postural or orthostatic proteinuria

Answer 1

first morning specimen

Question 2

satisfactory for routine testing and are capable of detecting abnormalities

Answer 2

random urine

Question 3

used to test substances or functions that have circadian or diurnal variation

Answer 3

timed collection

Question 4

gives yellow color

Answer 4

urochrome

Question 5

gives orange/brown pigment

Answer 5

urobilin

Question 6

gives pink pigment

Answer 6

uroerythrin

Question 7

the color of urine depends on (3)

Answer 7

amount of substance present
pH
structural form of substance

Question 8

describes the cloudiness of the specimen

Answer 8

clarity

Question 9

skin or vaginal contamination, amorphous urates and phosphates

Answer 9

cloudy

Question 10

pinkish precipitate uroerythrin on amorphous rate and uric acid

Answer 10

acidic

Question 11

white or beige amorphous phosphates and carbonates

Answer 11

alkaline

Question 12

specific gravity equal to that of original ultra-filtrate

seen in end stage renal disease

Answer 12

isosthenuria

Question 13

SG less than 1.010

Answer 13

hyposthenuria

Question 14

SG greater than 1.010

Answer 14

hyperstenuria

Question 15

indicate renal concentrating ability

Answer 15

ionic solutes

Question 16

normal urine pH

Answer 16

4.5-8.0

Question 17

Why would a urine have a pH greater than 8

Answer 17

improperly preserved
adulteration
highly alkaline substances (meds)

Question 18

positive blood in urine could be

Answer 18

hemoglobin, RBCs, myoglobin

Question 19

abnormal quantity of RBCs in urine

cloudy or smoky

Answer 19

hematuria

Question 20

presences of hemoglobin in urine

clear

Answer 20

hemoglobinuria

Question 21

bacterial infection involving the kidneys or lower urinary tract

Answer 21

leukocyturia

Question 22

important tool in detecting urinary tract infections mostly caused by gram negative bacteria

Answer 22

nitrite

Question 23

factors affecting nitrite detection (3)

Answer 23

bacteria is a nitrate reducer
adequate time of 4 hours must be allowed for conversion
adequate diet

Question 24

abnormal protein originating from the urinary tract (3)

Answer 24

uromodulin (tamm-horsfall protein)
urokinase
secretary immunoglobulin A

Question 25

increased quantity of plasma protein filtered

reduction of absorption

Answer 25

proteinuria

Question 26

a way to quantitate protein in the urine based upon the turbidity after SSA reagent is added

Answer 26

SSA test

Question 27

increased quantities of plasma proteins in the blood that readily pass through the glomerular filtration barrier into urine

Answer 27

overflow proteinuria

Question 28

increased protein in the urine due to a primary glomerular disease
most common and can develop into nephrotic syndrome like diabetes

Answer 28

glomerular proteinuria

Question 29

protein in the urine only when the individual is in an upright position

Answer 29

postural proteinuria

Question 30

tubular reabsorptive ability is altered

Answer 30

tubular proteinuria

Question 31

results from an inflammatory process anywhere in the urinary tract

Answer 31

post-renal proteinuria

Question 32

test for bilirubin and urobilinogen but more sensitive for nilirubin

Answer 32

ictotest

Question 33

bilirubin negative

urobilinogen increased

Answer 33

pre-hepatic

Question 34

bilirubin positive

urobilinogen normal to increased

Answer 34

hepatic

Question 35

bilirubin positive

urobilinogen decreased to absent

Answer 35

post-hepatic

Question 36

ascorbic acid causes false negatives for (4)

Answer 36

RBC, glucose, bilirubin, nitrite