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Hematology Lab > Leukemias and Lymphomas > Flashcards

Leukemias and Lymphomas Flashcards

1
Q

Rapid clonal proliferation in the bone marrow of lymphoblasts or myeloblasts caused by a malignant neoplasm which in turn causes high numbers in the peripheral blood

A

Acute Leukemias

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2
Q
  • affects children, adolescents, people >50
  • 2-5 is peak age
  • Types: T and B cell
  • Diagnosis is small and large lymphoblast
A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

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3
Q
  • a type of ALL

- symptoms: fatigue due to anemia, fever, mucocutaneous bleeding, bone pain, hepatosplenomegaly

A

B-cell ALL

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4
Q
  • a type of ALL

- symptoms: large mass in mediastinum, anemia, thrombocytopenia, organomegaly, bone pain

A

T-cell ALL

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5
Q
  • affects adults and increases with age
  • diagnosis: WBC counts average 5 to 30x10^3 and can range greatly
  • symptoms: anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
  • has other lab tests for confirmation
A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

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6
Q

hyperuricemia due to cell turnover

A

uric acid

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7
Q

hyperphosphatemia due to cell lysis and bone destruction

A

phosphorous

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8
Q

hypocalcemia due to bone destruction

A

calcium

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9
Q

hypokalemia due to tumor and external loss

A

potassium

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10
Q
  • seen in granulocytic cells and small amounts in monocytes

- differs AML from ALL

A

Myeloperoxidase stain

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11
Q
  • neutrophils show a positive reaction and lymphocytes a negative reaction
  • differs AML from ALL
A

Sudan Black B

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12
Q
  • affects 40’s

- diagnosis: small lymphoid cells and smudge cells

A

Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia

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13
Q

Reason for smudge cells and how you fix them

A
  • due to weak cellular membrane

- make an albumin slide

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14
Q
  • cause: neoplasms of lymph nodes

- types: T and B cell

A

Lymphomas

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15
Q
  • age: elderly
  • characteristics: all produce monoclonal light chain immunoglobulins, and/or clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement
  • common types: follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
A

Mature B-cell lymphoma

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16
Q

-based on location of origin

A

CLL and SLL

17
Q

originated in the bone marrow and peripheral blood

A

CLL

18
Q

originated in the lymph node and lymphoid organ

A

SLL

19
Q
  • age affected: middle age (55)
  • small B-cells with abundant cytoplasm and fine (hairy) cytoplasmic projections
  • cells originated post-germinal center stage
  • symptoms: splenomegaly and pancytopenia
  • Trap stain
A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

20
Q
  • lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by medium size lymphoid cells with irregular nuclear outlines derived from the follicular mantle zone
  • indented nuclei reminiscent of the cleaved nuclei
A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

21
Q
  • originate from the germinal center B-cells and in most cases, recapitulates follicular architecture
  • numerous closely spaced follicles
  • medium size cells with anglular or indented nuclei and a mix of large lymphoid cells
  • butt cells
A

Follicular Lymphoma

22
Q
  • twice the size of normal lymphocytes

- have diffuse histologic growth pattern and can differ significantly in cytologic appearance

A

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

23
Q
  • characterized by medium sized, highly proliferating lymphoid cells with basophilic vacuolated cytoplasm
  • starry-sky appearance
  • tumor cells and macrophages
A

Burkitt Lymphoma

24
Q

Two types of Hodgkin Lymphoma

A
  • Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

- Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

25
Q
  • age: males in their 30’s
  • B-cell neoplasm composed of relatively rare neoplastic cells scattered within nodules of reactive lymphocytes
  • popcorn cells
A

Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

26
Q
  • age: 15-34 and >54
  • heterogenous group of lymphoid neoplasms derived from the germinal center with few diagnostic neoplastic cells
  • Reed-Sternberg cells with a rich reactive background
A

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

27
Q

large lymphoid cells with abundant cytoplasm and vesicular multilobed nuclei

A

Popcorn cells

28
Q

large cells with bilobed nucleus with eosinophilic nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm, “owl eyes”

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

Hematology Lab (6 decks)

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