Basic WBCs

Question 1

Why can abnormal counts occur?

Answer 1

being consumed
being destroyed
abnormal bone marrow production

Question 2

What are the 5 neutrophil pools?

Answer 2

stem cell pool
proliferation pool
maturation pool
circulation pool
margination pool

Question 3

Bone marrow 0-3% nucleated cells
slight basophilic cytoplasm, fine unclear chromatin, 2-4 nucleoli
azurophilic granules or nongranular

Answer 3

myeloblast

Question 4

1-5% nucleated cells bone marrow
round to oval nucleus
chromatin clump around edges
paranuclear hof or halo
cytoplasm evenly basophilic and full of azuorphilic granules that mass 1-3 nuclei

Answer 4

promyelocyte

Question 5

bone marrow 6-17% of nucleated cells
last mitotic stage
more chromatin, nucleoli hard to see
production of primary granules stops and production of secondary begins
slightly pink to considerable pink cytoplasm

Answer 5

myelocyte

Question 6

bone marrow 3-20% of nucleated cells
no mitosis
indented or kidney bean shape nucleus, chromatin clumps, no nucleoli
tertiary granules, little to no basophilia

Answer 6

metamyelocyte

Question 7

bone marrow 9-12% nucleated cells
0-5% peripheral blood
highly clumped nucleus, indentation exceeds half
tertiary granules

Answer 7

band neutrophils

Question 8

bone marrow 7-30%
50-70% peripheral blood
2-5 lobes
pink cytoplasm with tertiary granules

Answer 8

segmented neutrophil

Question 9

Neutrophil function

Answer 9

immunity (innate)-protects skin and mucous barrier
chemotaxis-release of primary granules
neutrophil extracellular traps
substance for B12 absorption

Question 10

maturation of eosinophils

Answer 10

myeloblast
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
band
mature

Question 11

Eosinophil function

Answer 11

Granules contain cytokines, chemokine, growth factors, proteins
degranulation
Immune regulation-APCs, promote proliferation of effector T-cell, regulate mast cells
Fight helminth infections
hallmark in allergic reactions

Question 12

maturation of basophils

Answer 12

immature

mature

Question 13

basophil function

Answer 13

minor role in allergic reactions
induce B cells to produce IgE
promote eosinophilia

Question 14

not considered leukocytes, maturation site in tissue, effector cells of allergic reactions and inflammatory reaction

Answer 14

mast cell

Question 15

monocyte maturation

Answer 15

monoblast
promonocyte
monocyte

Question 16

larger than neutrophils
nucleus round, oval, kidney, indented, folded
chromatin looser
sky-blue cytoplasm

Answer 16

monocyte

Question 17

monocyte function

Answer 17

innate-recognize and destroy bacteria
adaptive-most potent APC
housekeeping
mature in tissue ot macrophage

Question 18

B-cell function

Answer 18

antibody production

antigen presentation to T cell

Question 19

T-cell function

Answer 19

CD4 helper T cell-initiate immune response

CD8 cytotoxic T cell-kill target cell

Question 20

NK cell function

Answer 20

kills certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without prior sensitization

Question 21

dark, blue-black cytoplasmic granules

associated with inflammation, infection

Answer 21

toxic granulation

Question 22

intracytoplasmic pale blue round or elongated bodies
remnant of rough ER
associated with nonspecific bacterial infections, sepsis, pregnancy

Answer 22

Dohle Body

Question 23

small to large circular clear areas in cytoplasm

associated with septicemia, infection, auto-phagocytosis secondary to drug ingestion, acute alcoholism

Answer 23

neutrophil vacuoles

Question 24

autosomal dominant disorder affecting a protein responsible for the nucleases shape
decreases nuclear segmentation (bilobe) and coarse chromatin pattern
can affect all leukocytes

Answer 24

Pelger Huet Anomaly

Question 25

secondary to a disease like HIV, TB, mycoplasma pneumonia, severe bacterial infections, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, severe infection
only affects neutrophils

Answer 25

Pseudo-Pelger Huet Anomaly

Question 26

greater than 5 lobes

associated with megaloblastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, hereditary neutrophil hypersegmentation

Answer 26

Neutrophil Hypersegmentation

Question 27

Recessive trait
Granulocytes with large darkly staining metachromatic cytoplasmic granules composed of partially digested mucopolysaccharide
resembles toxic granulation
lacks neutrophilic, dohle body and left shift

Answer 27

Alder-Reilly Anomaly

Question 28

rare, fatal, autosomal recessive disease
abnormal fusion of granules in granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and are dysfunctional
abnormal dense granules in platelets that lead to bleeding issues

Answer 28

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Question 29

rare, autosomal dominant platelet disorder causing variable thrombocytopenia, giant platelets and large Dohle body like inclusions in neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes
defect in myosin heavy chain

Answer 29

May-Hegglin Anomaly