Basic WBCs Flashcards
Why can abnormal counts occur?
being consumed
being destroyed
abnormal bone marrow production
What are the 5 neutrophil pools?
stem cell pool proliferation pool maturation pool circulation pool margination pool
Bone marrow 0-3% nucleated cells
slight basophilic cytoplasm, fine unclear chromatin, 2-4 nucleoli
azurophilic granules or nongranular
myeloblast
1-5% nucleated cells bone marrow round to oval nucleus chromatin clump around edges paranuclear hof or halo cytoplasm evenly basophilic and full of azuorphilic granules that mass 1-3 nuclei
promyelocyte
bone marrow 6-17% of nucleated cells
last mitotic stage
more chromatin, nucleoli hard to see
production of primary granules stops and production of secondary begins
slightly pink to considerable pink cytoplasm
myelocyte
bone marrow 3-20% of nucleated cells
no mitosis
indented or kidney bean shape nucleus, chromatin clumps, no nucleoli
tertiary granules, little to no basophilia
metamyelocyte
bone marrow 9-12% nucleated cells
0-5% peripheral blood
highly clumped nucleus, indentation exceeds half
tertiary granules
band neutrophils
bone marrow 7-30%
50-70% peripheral blood
2-5 lobes
pink cytoplasm with tertiary granules
segmented neutrophil
Neutrophil function
immunity (innate)-protects skin and mucous barrier
chemotaxis-release of primary granules
neutrophil extracellular traps
substance for B12 absorption
maturation of eosinophils
myeloblast myelocyte metamyelocyte band mature
Eosinophil function
Granules contain cytokines, chemokine, growth factors, proteins
degranulation
Immune regulation-APCs, promote proliferation of effector T-cell, regulate mast cells
Fight helminth infections
hallmark in allergic reactions
maturation of basophils
immature
mature
basophil function
minor role in allergic reactions
induce B cells to produce IgE
promote eosinophilia
not considered leukocytes, maturation site in tissue, effector cells of allergic reactions and inflammatory reaction
mast cell
monocyte maturation
monoblast
promonocyte
monocyte
larger than neutrophils
nucleus round, oval, kidney, indented, folded
chromatin looser
sky-blue cytoplasm
monocyte
monocyte function
innate-recognize and destroy bacteria
adaptive-most potent APC
housekeeping
mature in tissue ot macrophage
B-cell function
antibody production
antigen presentation to T cell
T-cell function
CD4 helper T cell-initiate immune response
CD8 cytotoxic T cell-kill target cell
NK cell function
kills certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without prior sensitization
dark, blue-black cytoplasmic granules
associated with inflammation, infection
toxic granulation
intracytoplasmic pale blue round or elongated bodies
remnant of rough ER
associated with nonspecific bacterial infections, sepsis, pregnancy
Dohle Body
small to large circular clear areas in cytoplasm
associated with septicemia, infection, auto-phagocytosis secondary to drug ingestion, acute alcoholism
neutrophil vacuoles
autosomal dominant disorder affecting a protein responsible for the nucleases shape
decreases nuclear segmentation (bilobe) and coarse chromatin pattern
can affect all leukocytes
Pelger Huet Anomaly
secondary to a disease like HIV, TB, mycoplasma pneumonia, severe bacterial infections, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, severe infection
only affects neutrophils
Pseudo-Pelger Huet Anomaly
greater than 5 lobes
associated with megaloblastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, hereditary neutrophil hypersegmentation
Neutrophil Hypersegmentation
Recessive trait
Granulocytes with large darkly staining metachromatic cytoplasmic granules composed of partially digested mucopolysaccharide
resembles toxic granulation
lacks neutrophilic, dohle body and left shift
Alder-Reilly Anomaly
rare, fatal, autosomal recessive disease
abnormal fusion of granules in granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and are dysfunctional
abnormal dense granules in platelets that lead to bleeding issues
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
rare, autosomal dominant platelet disorder causing variable thrombocytopenia, giant platelets and large Dohle body like inclusions in neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes
defect in myosin heavy chain
May-Hegglin Anomaly
