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Hematology Lab > Body Fluids > Flashcards

Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Steps of performing a body fluid count

A
  1. color and turbidity
  2. perform hemocytometer count if not bloody or use automated
  3. centrifuge and remove supernatant
  4. cytocentrifuge slide or push smear if too many cells
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2
Q

Volumes of CSF

A
  • adults: 100-150 ml
  • children: 60-100 ml
  • newborns: 10-60 ml
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3
Q

Purpose of CSF

A
  • bathes the brain and spinal column
  • cushion to brain
  • circulates nutrients
  • excretory channel for nervous tissue metabolism
  • lubrication for CNS
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4
Q

Normal color of CSF

A

clear, non-viscous

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5
Q

First tube contains blood but the remaining tubes are clear or progressively get clearer, supernatant is clear

A

Traumatic tap

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6
Q

all tubes are uniformly bloody, supernatant is yellowish or pinkish yellow

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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7
Q

yellowish or pinkish color of the supernatant

A

xanthochromia

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8
Q

Tube usage of CSF

A
  1. chemistry and immunology
  2. microbiology
  3. hematology
  4. chemistry
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9
Q

Normal CSF cell counts in adults

A

0-5 WBCs

0 RBCs

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10
Q

Normal CSF cell counts in neonates

A

0-30 WBCs

0 RBCs

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11
Q

Predominant cell in CSF in adults

A

lymphocytes

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12
Q

Predominant cell in CSF in neonates

A

monocytes

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13
Q
  • WBC count in the thousands
  • neutrophils predominate
  • bacteria
  • low CSF glucose and increased protein
A

bacterial meningitis

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14
Q
  • WBC count can be in the hundreds
  • lymphocytes predominate
  • reactive and plasmacytoid lymphocytes
  • normal CSF glucose and slight increased protein
A

viral meningitis

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15
Q
  • elevated WBC count

- cells appear in clumps

A

malignancies

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16
Q

eosinophils and basophils present

A

foreign material (shunts), parasitic infection or allergic reacion

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17
Q

high probability of blasts

A

ALL, AML, lymphoma, myeloma, CML

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18
Q

space between lungs and pleural sac

A

pleural fluid

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19
Q

space between heart and pericardial sac

A

pericardial fluid

20
Q

space between intestine and peritoneal cavity

A

peritoneal fluid

21
Q

fluid usually exists in extremely small quantities

A

examination

22
Q

accumulation of fluid in the cavity

also called ascites or ascetic fluid

A

effusion

23
Q
  • develops as part of a systemic disease process
  • appears as straw-colored and clear
  • ex-congestive heart failure
A

transudate

24
Q
  • develops due to bacterial or viral infection, malignancy, pulmonary embolism, or systemic lupus erythematosus
  • appears as cloudy or hazy
A

exudate

25
Q
  • lining cells of body cavity and shed constantly

- have fried egg appearance, basophilic cytoplasm, and oval nucleus with smooth nuclear borders

A

mesothelial cells

26
Q

allergic reaction to foreign material

A

eosinophils and basophils

27
Q

perform gram stain if possible for bacteria

A

neutrophils

28
Q

intact neutrophil that has engulfed a homogenous mass of degranulated nuclear material

A

lupus erythematosus cells

29
Q

purpose is surrounds and cushions joints

A

synovial fluid

30
Q

normal quantity and color of synovial fluid

A
  • extremely small quantities

- straw-colored and clear

31
Q

What makes synovial fluid viscous and what should be added

A
  • hyaluronic acid

- hyaluronidase

32
Q

normal cells in synovial fluid

A

lymphocytes, monocytes, synovial cells

33
Q

line the cavity and appear similar to mesothelial cells but seen in smaller amounts

A

synovial cells

34
Q

similar to those seen in serous fluid

A

lupus erythematosus cells

35
Q

cells seen in synovial fluid with acute inflammation and bacterial infection

A

neutrophils

36
Q

common crystals of synovial fluid

A
  • cholesterol
  • calcium pyrophosphate
  • monosodium urate
37
Q
  • large, flat, extracellular crystal with notched corners

- chronic effusion, rheumatoid arthritis

A

cholesterol

38
Q
  • intracellular and are small rhomboid, plate-like, or rod-like crystals
  • weakly birefringent when polarized
  • appears blue when longitudinal axis of the crystal is parallel to the y-axis
  • pseudogout
A

calcium pyrophosphate

39
Q
  • intracellular or extracellular and are large needle-like crystals
  • strongly birefringent when polarized
  • appears yellow when longitudinal axis of the crystal is parallel to the y-axis
  • gout
A

monosodium urate

40
Q
  • an unnaturally occurring specimen collected from the lungs by introducing warm saline and withdrawing it
  • used to determine types of organisms and cells in the lungs that are otherwise inaccessible
  • performed on patients with severe lung dysfunction
A

bronchoalveolar lavage

41
Q

normal cells of BAL

A

neutrophils, monohistiocytes (macrophages), and lymphocytes

42
Q

resemble mesothelial cells and seen in adult respiratory distress syndrome

A

pneumocytes

43
Q

indicates sample was obtained from the upper respiratory tract instead of the deep lungs

A

ciliated epithelial cell

44
Q

purpose of hemocytometer count

A

to quantitate the three major cell lines

45
Q

equation of hemocytometer

A

cell count = (cells counteddilution factor)/(area counteddepth)

Hematology Lab (6 decks)

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