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Urinalysis > Urine Proteins > Flashcards

Urine Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary protein found in urine under normal conditions?

A

Albumin

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2
Q

True or False: Microalbuminuria refers to a high level of albumin in urine.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the significance of detecting microalbumin in urine?

A

It indicates early kidney damage, especially in diabetes and hypertension.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of Bence Jones proteins in urine is typically associated with __________.

A

Multiple myeloma

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5
Q

What is the normal range of albumin in urine?

A

Less than 30 mg per day

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6
Q

Which test is commonly used to detect microalbuminuria?

A

The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) test

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7
Q

True or False: Bence Jones proteins are intact immunoglobulins.

A

False

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8
Q

What are Bence Jones proteins?

A

They are free light chains of immunoglobulins found in urine.

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9
Q

Multiple choice: Which condition is NOT typically associated with elevated albumin levels in urine? A) Diabetes B) Hypertension C) Healthy kidney function D) Kidney disease

A

C) Healthy kidney function

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10
Q

What is the role of albumin in the body?

A

It helps maintain oncotic pressure and transports various substances in the blood.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Microalbuminuria is defined as urinary albumin excretion of __________ mg/day.

A

30-300 mg/day

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12
Q

True or False: High levels of urinary albumin can indicate nephrotic syndrome.

A

True

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13
Q

What does the presence of albumin in urine signify?

A

It may indicate kidney damage or disease.

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14
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common cause of elevated urinary albumin? A) Dehydration B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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15
Q

What is the primary clinical concern with Bence Jones proteins?

A

They can indicate the presence of multiple myeloma and kidney damage.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The detection of microalbuminuria can lead to early intervention in __________.

A

Diabetic nephropathy

17
Q

True or False: Urinary proteins can be used as biomarkers for kidney function.

A

True

18
Q

What does a urine dipstick test primarily detect?

A

Presence of albumin and other proteins in urine.

19
Q

Multiple choice: Which protein is specifically associated with light chain myeloma? A) Albumin B) Bence Jones proteins C) Creatinine D) Globulin

A

B) Bence Jones proteins

20
Q

What is the first step in assessing urinary protein levels?

A

Perform a urine dipstick test.

21
Q

True or False: All patients with diabetes will have microalbuminuria.

A

False

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of __________ in urine is a key indicator of nephrotic syndrome.

A

High levels of protein

23
Q

What does a positive result for microalbuminuria suggest in a hypertensive patient?

A

Potential kidney damage or increased cardiovascular risk.

24
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in the presence of Bence Jones proteins? A) Acute kidney injury B) Chronic kidney disease C) Multiple myeloma D) Diabetes

A

C) Multiple myeloma

25
Q

True or False: Normal levels of urinary albumin can rule out kidney disease.

A

False

26
Q

What is the primary function of microalbumin testing in diabetic patients?

A

To monitor for early signs of kidney damage.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is often the first sign of kidney disease in diabetic patients.

A

Microalbuminuria

28
Q

What is the relationship between hypertension and urinary albumin levels?

A

Hypertension can increase the risk of kidney damage, leading to higher urinary albumin levels.

29
Q

True or False: Bence Jones proteins can be detected in a 24-hour urine collection.

A

True

30
Q

What is the typical clinical approach when microalbuminuria is detected?

A

Implement lifestyle changes and possibly medication to protect kidney function.

Urinalysis (7 decks)

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