Urine Composition

Question 1

What is the primary component of urine?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

True or False: Urine is composed of 95% water.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the main waste products found in urine?

Answer 3

Urea, creatinine, and uric acid

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The color of urine is primarily due to a pigment called _____.

Answer 4

urochrome

Question 5

What is the average pH range of human urine?

Answer 5

4.5 to 8.0

Question 6

Which substance in urine is a byproduct of protein metabolism?

Answer 6

Urea

Question 7

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT typically found in urine? A) Urea B) Glucose C) Creatinine D) Hemoglobin

Answer 7

D) Hemoglobin

Question 8

What is the specific gravity range of normal urine?

Answer 8

1.005 to 1.030

Question 9

True or False: Urine composition can be affected by diet.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What does the presence of ketones in urine indicate?

Answer 10

Fat metabolism or starvation

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The primary nitrogenous waste found in urine is _____.

Answer 11

urea

Question 12

What is the term for the process by which urine is formed?

Answer 12

Urine formation

Question 13

Multiple choice: Which of the following can cause dark urine? A) Dehydration B) Excess water C) High protein diet D) Both A and C

Answer 13

D) Both A and C

Question 14

What is the main function of urine?

Answer 14

To excrete waste products and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 15

True or False: Urine is sterile when produced by the kidneys.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the significance of the presence of glucose in urine?

Answer 16

It may indicate diabetes mellitus or renal glycosuria

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The normal volume of urine produced by an adult in a day is approximately _____ liters.

Answer 17

1 to 2

Question 18

Which organ is primarily responsible for urine production?

Answer 18

Kidneys

Question 19

Multiple choice: Which of the following can affect urine color? A) Medications B) Food C) Dehydration D) All of the above

Answer 19

D) All of the above

Question 20

What are electrolytes commonly found in urine?

Answer 20

Sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium

Question 21

True or False: Urine can be used for diagnostic purposes.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What does a high concentration of protein in urine suggest?

Answer 22

Possible kidney disease

Question 23

Fill in the blank: Urine is produced through the processes of filtration, _____, and secretion.

Answer 23

reabsorption

Question 24

What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in urine concentration?

Answer 24

It promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 25

Multiple choice: Which condition is characterized by urine that smells fruity? A) Dehydration B) Diabetes C) Urinary tract infection D) Liver disease

Answer 25

B) Diabetes

Question 26

What is the primary purpose of urinalysis?

Answer 26

To assess the composition of urine for health diagnostics

Question 27

True or False: Urine can contain hormones.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the significance of bilirubin in urine?

Answer 28

It may indicate liver disease or bile duct obstruction.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The presence of bacteria in urine may indicate a _____ infection.

Answer 29

urinary tract

Question 30

What is the average osmolarity of urine?

Answer 30

500 to 800 mOsm/kg

Question 31

Multiple choice: Which of the following would likely result in concentrated urine? A) Increased fluid intake B) Dehydration C) High carbohydrate diet D) Low protein diet

Answer 31

B) Dehydration

Question 32

What is the primary effect of time on unpreserved urine samples?

Answer 32

Changes in chemical composition and properties.

Question 33

True or False: Unpreserved urine should be analyzed within 2 hours of collection.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

What happens to urine pH over time if not preserved?

Answer 34

It typically increases, becoming more alkaline.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The presence of _______ in unpreserved urine can indicate bacterial growth.

Answer 35

Nitrite.

Question 36

What is a common change in urine color due to bacterial action?

Answer 36

It can become darker or more turbid.

Question 37

Which substance in urine is most affected by bacterial growth?

Answer 37

Urea, which is converted to ammonia.

Question 38

What is the effect of temperature on unpreserved urine samples?

Answer 38

Higher temperatures can accelerate changes in composition.

Question 39

Multiple Choice: What is a typical change in specific gravity of unpreserved urine over time? A) Increases B) Decreases C) Stays the same

Answer 39

B) Decreases.

Question 40

What is the main reason for the increase of ketones in unpreserved urine?

Answer 40

Decomposition of urine components by bacteria.

Question 41

True or False: Glucose levels in unpreserved urine can decrease due to bacterial consumption.

Answer 41

True.

Question 42

What is the recommended method to preserve urine for accurate analysis?

Answer 42

Refrigeration or the addition of a preservative.

Question 43

What happens to urine clarity when it is left unpreserved?

Answer 43

It usually becomes cloudy due to bacterial growth and precipitation.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: Unpreserved urine can show _______ due to the breakdown of bilirubin.

Answer 44

Urobilinogen.

Question 45

What is the impact of time on the concentration of proteins in unpreserved urine?

Answer 45

It can lead to false positives due to bacterial contamination.

Question 46

Short Answer: Why is it important to analyze urine samples quickly?

Answer 46

To prevent alterations in composition and ensure accurate results.