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Urinalysis > Urine Biochemistry > Flashcards

Urine Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal pH range of urine?

A

The normal pH range of urine is typically between 4.5 and 8.0.

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2
Q

True or False: A pH of 7.0 in urine indicates a neutral solution.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the main protein typically tested for in urine?

A

Albumin

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of protein in urine is known as _______.

A

proteinuria

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5
Q

What is the significance of glucose in urine?

A

The presence of glucose in urine may indicate diabetes mellitus.

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6
Q

True or False: Ketones in urine can indicate uncontrolled diabetes.

A

True

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7
Q

What is the term for the presence of blood in urine?

A

Hematuria

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8
Q

What is bilirubin in urine indicative of?

A

Bilirubin in urine is indicative of liver dysfunction or disease.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Urobilinogen is produced from the breakdown of _______.

A

bilirubin

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10
Q

What does a positive nitrite test in urine suggest?

A

A positive nitrite test suggests a urinary tract infection.

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11
Q

True or False: White blood cells (WBC) in urine can indicate an infection.

A

True

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12
Q

What is the normal range for urobilinogen in urine?

A

The normal range for urobilinogen in urine is 0.2 to 1.0 mg/dL.

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13
Q

What does a high protein level in urine suggest?

A

A high protein level in urine can suggest kidney disease.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of ketones in urine is often associated with _______.

A

starvation or uncontrolled diabetes

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15
Q

What does the presence of bilirubin in urine indicate?

A

It indicates possible liver dysfunction or hemolysis.

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16
Q

What is the function of nitrites in urine testing?

A

Nitrites are used to detect bacterial infections in the urinary tract.

17
Q

True or False: The presence of urobilinogen in urine is always abnormal.

A

False

18
Q

What does a negative glucose test in urine indicate?

A

It indicates that glucose levels are within normal limits.

19
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of WBC in urine is known as _______.

A

pyuria

20
Q

What is the typical method for measuring urine pH?

A

Urine pH is typically measured using pH test strips.

21
Q

What does a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio help assess?

A

It helps assess the degree of proteinuria.

22
Q

True or False: All urinary tract infections will show positive nitrites.

A

False

23
Q

What could a low level of urobilinogen in urine indicate?

A

It could indicate liver disease or blockage of bile ducts.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: A positive urine test for ketones may indicate a condition called _______.

A

ketoacidosis

25
Q

What does the presence of blood in urine typically require?

A

It requires further investigation to determine the cause.

26
Q

What is the primary cause of hematuria?

A

Infections, kidney stones, or trauma.

27
Q

True or False: Urobilinogen is normally present in urine.

A

True

28
Q

What does the presence of high levels of WBC in urine suggest?

A

It suggests a possible urinary tract infection or inflammation.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of glucose in urine can lead to _______.

A

osmotic diuresis

30
Q

What is the significance of urine specific gravity?

A

It indicates the concentration of solutes in urine.

31
Q

What does a low urine pH indicate?

A

It may indicate acidosis or dehydration.

32
Q

True or False: Normal urine should contain bilirubin.

A

False

33
Q

What is a common cause of ketones in urine?

A

Fasting or prolonged exercise.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: Elevated levels of nitrites may suggest the presence of _______.

A

bacteria

35
Q

What is the clinical significance of urine tests for protein, glucose, and ketones?

A

They are used to assess kidney function and metabolic disorders.

36
Q

What can a urine culture identify?

A

It can identify specific bacteria causing a urinary tract infection.

37
Q

True or False: The color of urine can indicate hydration status.

A

True

38
Q

What is the role of urine dipstick tests?

A

They provide a quick assessment of various substances in urine.

Urinalysis (7 decks)

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