Kidney/renal Physiology Flashcards
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
To filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid balance.
True or False: The kidneys help regulate blood pressure.
True
What are the two main components of the kidney’s structure?
Cortex and medulla.
Fill in the blank: The functional unit of the kidney is called a ______.
nephron.
How many nephrons are approximately found in one kidney?
About one million.
What is the role of the glomerulus in the kidney?
To filter blood to form urine.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water balance in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
What is the primary waste product excreted by the kidneys?
Urea.
True or False: The renal pelvis collects urine before it passes to the bladder.
True
What is the term for the blood supply to the kidneys?
Renal artery.
What is the primary role of renal tubules?
To reabsorb water and nutrients back into the blood.
Fill in the blank: The nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal ______.
tubule.
What is the function of the loop of Henle?
To concentrate urine and conserve water.
Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration? A) Loop of Henle B) Glomerulus C) Collecting duct
B) Glomerulus
What is the name of the process by which urine is formed?
Urinogenesis.
True or False: Kidneys can regenerate damaged tissue.
False
What is the role of aldosterone in renal function?
To increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys also play a role in regulating ______ balance in the body.
acid-base.
What is the main purpose of renal clearance tests?
To assess kidney function by measuring the excretion of substances.
What are the two types of nephrons found in the kidneys?
Cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons.
True or False: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity.
False
What is the significance of the renal threshold?
It is the concentration level at which a substance begins to appear in urine.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys secrete ______ to control red blood cell production.
erythropoietin.
Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter.
What is the primary function of the renal cortex?
To house the glomeruli and proximal tubules.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) Regulation of electrolytes B) Production of hormones C) Digestion of food
C) Digestion of food
What is nephrolithiasis?
The condition of having kidney stones.
True or False: The kidneys can filter blood at a rate of about 120 mL per minute.
True
What is the term for the inflammation of the kidneys?
Nephritis.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys help regulate blood pH by excreting ______.
hydrogen ions.
What is the name of the outer layer of the kidney?
Renal capsule.
What is the primary role of the collecting duct?
To collect urine from multiple nephrons and concentrate it.
