Kidney/renal Physiology

Question 1

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

To filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid balance.

Question 2

True or False: The kidneys help regulate blood pressure.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the two main components of the kidney’s structure?

Answer 3

Cortex and medulla.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The functional unit of the kidney is called a ______.

Answer 4

nephron.

Question 5

How many nephrons are approximately found in one kidney?

Answer 5

About one million.

Question 6

What is the role of the glomerulus in the kidney?

Answer 6

To filter blood to form urine.

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water balance in the kidneys?

Answer 7

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 8

What is the primary waste product excreted by the kidneys?

Answer 8

Urea.

Question 9

True or False: The renal pelvis collects urine before it passes to the bladder.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the term for the blood supply to the kidneys?

Answer 10

Renal artery.

Question 11

What is the primary role of renal tubules?

Answer 11

To reabsorb water and nutrients back into the blood.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal ______.

Answer 12

tubule.

Question 13

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 13

To concentrate urine and conserve water.

Question 14

Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration? A) Loop of Henle B) Glomerulus C) Collecting duct

Answer 14

B) Glomerulus

Question 15

What is the name of the process by which urine is formed?

Answer 15

Urinogenesis.

Question 16

True or False: Kidneys can regenerate damaged tissue.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is the role of aldosterone in renal function?

Answer 17

To increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The kidneys also play a role in regulating ______ balance in the body.

Answer 18

acid-base.

Question 19

What is the main purpose of renal clearance tests?

Answer 19

To assess kidney function by measuring the excretion of substances.

Question 20

What are the two types of nephrons found in the kidneys?

Answer 20

Cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons.

Question 21

True or False: The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the significance of the renal threshold?

Answer 22

It is the concentration level at which a substance begins to appear in urine.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The kidneys secrete ______ to control red blood cell production.

Answer 23

erythropoietin.

Question 24

Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder?

Answer 24

Ureter.

Question 25

What is the primary function of the renal cortex?

Answer 25

To house the glomeruli and proximal tubules.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) Regulation of electrolytes B) Production of hormones C) Digestion of food

Answer 26

C) Digestion of food

Question 27

What is nephrolithiasis?

Answer 27

The condition of having kidney stones.

Question 28

True or False: The kidneys can filter blood at a rate of about 120 mL per minute.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What is the term for the inflammation of the kidneys?

Answer 29

Nephritis.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The kidneys help regulate blood pH by excreting ______.

Answer 30

hydrogen ions.

Question 31

What is the name of the outer layer of the kidney?

Answer 31

Renal capsule.

Question 32

What is the primary role of the collecting duct?

Answer 32

To collect urine from multiple nephrons and concentrate it.