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Urinalysis > Urine Microscopic Evaluation > Flashcards

Urine Microscopic Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of urine microscopic examination?

A

To identify and evaluate cellular and non-cellular elements in urine.

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2
Q

True or False: Urine microscopic examination can help diagnose urinary tract infections.

A

True

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3
Q

Which type of cells are commonly examined in urine microscopy?

A

Epithelial cells, red blood cells, white blood cells.

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4
Q

What is the normal range for red blood cells in urine?

A

0-3 red blood cells per high power field (HPF).

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of _______ in urine may indicate a kidney stone or injury.

A

crystals

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6
Q

What does the term ‘casts’ refer to in urine microscopic examination?

A

Cylindrical structures formed from protein that can indicate kidney disease.

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7
Q

Which type of cast is associated with acute tubular necrosis?

A

Granular casts.

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8
Q

True or False: The presence of bacteria in urine is always indicative of an infection.

A

False

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9
Q

What is the significance of finding hyaline casts in urine?

A

They may indicate dehydration or concentrated urine but are generally considered normal.

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10
Q

What is the recommended volume of urine for microscopic examination?

A

10-20 mL.

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11
Q

Which staining technique is often used to enhance the visibility of cellular elements in urine?

A

Papanicolaou stain.

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12
Q

What type of epithelial cells are typically found in normal urine?

A

Squamous epithelial cells.

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13
Q

True or False: Urinary crystal formation can be affected by urine pH.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the clinical significance of finding white blood cells in urine?

A

It may indicate inflammation or infection in the urinary tract.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of _______ in urine is suggestive of glomerular damage.

A

protein

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16
Q

What are transitional epithelial cells indicative of in urine analysis?

A

They can indicate a urinary tract infection or a malignancy.

17
Q

What is the maximum number of white blood cells considered normal in urine?

A

0-5 white blood cells per high power field (HPF).

18
Q

True or False: Urine microscopic examination can provide information on systemic diseases.

A

True

19
Q

What is the significance of finding bacteria in a urine sample?

A

It may indicate a urinary tract infection, but further tests are needed for confirmation.

20
Q

Which type of crystals are commonly associated with gout?

A

Uric acid crystals.

21
Q

What is the main role of urine microscopy in the context of kidney disease?

A

To assess the presence and type of casts and cells that indicate specific renal pathologies.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of _______ in urine can be a sign of liver disease.

A

bilirubin

23
Q

Which type of urine sample is preferred for microscopic examination?

A

Midstream clean-catch urine sample.

24
Q

True or False: A high number of epithelial cells in urine can indicate contamination.

A

True

25
Q

What is the significance of finding oval fat bodies in urine?

A

They may indicate nephrotic syndrome.

26
Q

Which type of cast is known to be associated with nephritis?

A

Waxy casts.

27
Q

What is the normal pH range of urine?

A

4.5 to 8.0.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of _______ can indicate hematuria in urine.

A

red blood cells

29
Q

What type of urine microscopy finding is used to assess for kidney stones?

A

Crystals.

30
Q

True or False: Urine microscopy is a definitive test for diagnosing urinary tract infections.

A

False

31
Q

What is the clinical importance of urine specific gravity in conjunction with microscopy?

A

It helps assess hydration status and kidney concentrating ability.

32
Q

Which type of white blood cell is most commonly found in urine during infection?

A

Neutrophils.

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of _______ in urine can suggest a possible malignancy.

A

malignant cells

34
Q

What are the two main categories of urine sediment?

A

Cellular elements and non-cellular elements.

35
Q

What does a ‘positive nitrite test’ in urine suggest?

A

The presence of certain bacteria that convert nitrate to nitrite, often indicating infection.

36
Q

Which type of microscopy is often employed for urine analysis?

A

Bright field microscopy.

Urinalysis (7 decks)

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