urine and other nonblood specimens and tests Flashcards

1
Q

what are other nonblood specimen types

A

liquid
semiliquid substances
tissues
hair
nail clippings
breath samples

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1
Q

nonblood specimen labeling

A

label using the same identifying info as blood specimens
include the type and/ or source of the specimen on the label

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2
Q

the most frequently analyzed nonblood body fluid

A

urine

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3
Q

it is used to measure urine’s specific gravity

A

refractometer

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4
Q

analysis of urine can aid in…

A

monitoring wellness
diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections
detection and monitoring of metabolic disease
determine the effectiveness or complications of theraphy

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5
Q

it can be collected at any time and are usually the most convenient type of specimen for patients

A

random urine

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6
Q

it is usually collected immediately upon awakening in the morning after approximately 8hrs of sleep

A

first-morning/ eight-hour specimen

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7
Q

collected two hours after a meal and tested for glucose

A

two-hour postprandial specimen

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8
Q

pooled urine specimen collected over 24-hr period. the first morning specimen is discarded, stat the timing and collect all urine for the next 24 hrs including the first specimen voided the following morning

A

twenty-four-hour specimen

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9
Q

type of urine specimen is the best one for detecting a UTI

A

midstream clean-catch specimen

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10
Q

collected when a patient is having trouble voiding or is already catharized for other reasons

A

catherized specimens

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11
Q

involves inserting a needle directly into the urinary bladder and aspirating the urine directly from the bladder into a sterile syringe

A

suprapubic aspiration

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12
Q

a plastic urine collection bag with hypoallergenic skin adhesive is used to collect a urine specimen from an infant or small child

A

pediatric urine collection

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13
Q

screens for urinary and systemic disorders

A

routine urinalysis (UA)

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14
Q

where should routine urinalysis be collected in

A

clean, dry, chemically clean containers with tight-fitting lids

*it shld be transported to the lab promptly and must be tested within 2 hrs

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15
Q

what does the UA physical examination involves

A

macroscopic observation and notation of clarity (transparent, cloudy)
color
odor
measurement of volume
specific gravity or osmolality

16
Q

how does the UA chemical examination is performed

A

a plastic reagent strip (often called a dipstick)

17
Q

what are the positive results and examples of possible conditions

18
Q

what does the UA microscopic examination identifies

A

urine components such as:
cells
crystals
cats
microorganisms

  • by examining a sample or urine sediment under a microscope

*to obtain the sediment, a measured portion of well-mixed urine

19
Q

how can the pregnancy can be confirmed

A

by testing urine for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

20
Q

when does the peak urine levels of hCG occur

A

at approx. 10 weeks of gestation

*human chorionic gonadotropin

21
Q

the clear, almost colorless to pale yellow fluid that fills the membrane (amnion or amniotic sac) that surrounds and cushions a fetuc in the uterus

A

amniotic fluid

22
Q

how does the amniotic fluid and cerebrospinal fluid obtained by a physician

A

amniotic fluid: transabdominal amniocentesis
cerebrospinal fluid: lumbar practice (spinal tap)

23
Q

the fluid that surrounds the and helps cushion the brain and spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid

24
used to monitor hormone levels and detect alcohol and drug abuse because it can be collected quickly and easily in a noninvasive manner
saliva
25
analyzed for chloride content in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis that involved a processed called iontophoresis
sweat
26
a clear, pale yellow, moderately viscous fluid that lubricated and decreases friction in movable joints
synovial fluid * collected through joint aspiration or arthrocentesis
27
this fluid is aspirated from the pleural space (cavity) surrounding the lungs
pleural fluid
28
this fluid is aspirated from the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart
pericardial fluid
29
this fluid is aspirated from the abdominal cavity
peritoneal fluid *by a procedure call paracentesis
30
used to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori (HH. pylori) that causes peptic ulcers
breath samples
31
a method in obtaining cells for dna analysis that is used for paternity testing and to identdify viruses
buccal/ oral specimens viruses such as: - herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) - oral human papillomavirus (HPV) - mumps virus
32
specimens that can help identify disorders of the digestive tract, liver and pancreas
feces (stool)
33
it is a commonly used method to diagnose foodborne illnesses
culture-independent diagnostic tests
34
it is the traditional occult blood test
fecal guaiac test - detect occult (hidden) blood in feces
35
it is a more specific type of screening test for blood in the colon or rectum
fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
36
what are exmples of test that require refrigeration of specimen
quantitative fecal fat analysis urobilinogen
37
detect alcohol, drugs of abuse and used to identify poisoning
hair drugs of abuse such as amphetamines, opium, cocaine or marijuana identify poisoning by heavy metals, arsenic poisoning in agricultural workers
38
most often collected to aid in the diagnosis of streptococcal (strep) throat infections
throat swabs