urine and other nonblood specimens and tests

Question 1

what are other nonblood specimen types

Answer 1

liquid
semiliquid substances
tissues
hair
nail clippings
breath samples

Question 1

nonblood specimen labeling

Answer 1

label using the same identifying info as blood specimens
include the type and/ or source of the specimen on the label

Question 2

the most frequently analyzed nonblood body fluid

Answer 2

urine

Question 3

it is used to measure urine’s specific gravity

Answer 3

refractometer

Question 4

analysis of urine can aid in…

Answer 4

monitoring wellness
diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections
detection and monitoring of metabolic disease
determine the effectiveness or complications of theraphy

Question 5

it can be collected at any time and are usually the most convenient type of specimen for patients

Answer 5

random urine

Question 6

it is usually collected immediately upon awakening in the morning after approximately 8hrs of sleep

Answer 6

first-morning/ eight-hour specimen

Question 7

collected two hours after a meal and tested for glucose

Answer 7

two-hour postprandial specimen

Question 8

pooled urine specimen collected over 24-hr period. the first morning specimen is discarded, stat the timing and collect all urine for the next 24 hrs including the first specimen voided the following morning

Answer 8

twenty-four-hour specimen

Question 9

type of urine specimen is the best one for detecting a UTI

Answer 9

midstream clean-catch specimen

Question 10

collected when a patient is having trouble voiding or is already catharized for other reasons

Answer 10

catherized specimens

Question 11

involves inserting a needle directly into the urinary bladder and aspirating the urine directly from the bladder into a sterile syringe

Answer 11

suprapubic aspiration

Question 12

a plastic urine collection bag with hypoallergenic skin adhesive is used to collect a urine specimen from an infant or small child

Answer 12

pediatric urine collection

Question 13

screens for urinary and systemic disorders

Answer 13

routine urinalysis (UA)

Question 14

where should routine urinalysis be collected in

Answer 14

clean, dry, chemically clean containers with tight-fitting lids

*it shld be transported to the lab promptly and must be tested within 2 hrs

Question 15

what does the UA physical examination involves

Answer 15

macroscopic observation and notation of clarity (transparent, cloudy)
color
odor
measurement of volume
specific gravity or osmolality

Question 16

how does the UA chemical examination is performed

Answer 16

a plastic reagent strip (often called a dipstick)

Question 17

what are the positive results and examples of possible conditions

Answer 17

ppt

Question 18

what does the UA microscopic examination identifies

Answer 18

urine components such as:
cells
crystals
cats
microorganisms

• by examining a sample or urine sediment under a microscope

*to obtain the sediment, a measured portion of well-mixed urine

Question 19

how can the pregnancy can be confirmed

Answer 19

by testing urine for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 20

when does the peak urine levels of hCG occur

Answer 20

at approx. 10 weeks of gestation

*human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 21

the clear, almost colorless to pale yellow fluid that fills the membrane (amnion or amniotic sac) that surrounds and cushions a fetuc in the uterus

Answer 21

amniotic fluid

Question 22

how does the amniotic fluid and cerebrospinal fluid obtained by a physician

Answer 22

amniotic fluid: transabdominal amniocentesis
cerebrospinal fluid: lumbar practice (spinal tap)

Question 23

the fluid that surrounds the and helps cushion the brain and spinal cord

Answer 23

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 24

used to monitor hormone levels and detect alcohol and drug abuse because it can be collected quickly and easily in a noninvasive manner

Answer 24

saliva

Question 25

analyzed for chloride content in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis that involved a processed called iontophoresis

Answer 25

sweat

Question 26

a clear, pale yellow, moderately viscous fluid that lubricated and decreases friction in movable joints

Answer 26

synovial fluid
* collected through joint aspiration or arthrocentesis

Question 27

this fluid is aspirated from the pleural space (cavity) surrounding the lungs

Answer 27

pleural fluid

Question 28

this fluid is aspirated from the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart

Answer 28

pericardial fluid

Question 29

this fluid is aspirated from the abdominal cavity

Answer 29

peritoneal fluid
*by a procedure call paracentesis

Question 30

used to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori (HH. pylori) that causes peptic ulcers

Answer 30

breath samples

Question 31

a method in obtaining cells for dna analysis that is used for paternity testing and to identdify viruses

Answer 31

buccal/ oral specimens

viruses such as:
- herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
- oral human papillomavirus (HPV)
- mumps virus

Question 32

specimens that can help identify disorders of the digestive tract, liver and pancreas

Answer 32

feces (stool)

Question 33

it is a commonly used method to diagnose foodborne illnesses

Answer 33

culture-independent diagnostic tests

Question 34

it is the traditional occult blood test

Answer 34

fecal guaiac test
- detect occult (hidden) blood in feces

Question 35

it is a more specific type of screening test for blood in the colon or rectum

Answer 35

fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

Question 36

what are exmples of test that require refrigeration of specimen

Answer 36

quantitative fecal fat analysis
urobilinogen

Question 37

detect alcohol, drugs of abuse and used to identify poisoning

Answer 37

hair
drugs of abuse such as amphetamines, opium, cocaine or marijuana

identify poisoning by heavy metals, arsenic poisoning in agricultural workers

Question 38

most often collected to aid in the diagnosis of streptococcal (strep) throat infections

Answer 38

throat swabs