urine and other nonblood specimens and tests Flashcards
what are other nonblood specimen types
liquid
semiliquid substances
tissues
hair
nail clippings
breath samples
nonblood specimen labeling
label using the same identifying info as blood specimens
include the type and/ or source of the specimen on the label
the most frequently analyzed nonblood body fluid
urine
it is used to measure urine’s specific gravity
refractometer
analysis of urine can aid in…
monitoring wellness
diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections
detection and monitoring of metabolic disease
determine the effectiveness or complications of theraphy
it can be collected at any time and are usually the most convenient type of specimen for patients
random urine
it is usually collected immediately upon awakening in the morning after approximately 8hrs of sleep
first-morning/ eight-hour specimen
collected two hours after a meal and tested for glucose
two-hour postprandial specimen
pooled urine specimen collected over 24-hr period. the first morning specimen is discarded, stat the timing and collect all urine for the next 24 hrs including the first specimen voided the following morning
twenty-four-hour specimen
type of urine specimen is the best one for detecting a UTI
midstream clean-catch specimen
collected when a patient is having trouble voiding or is already catharized for other reasons
catherized specimens
involves inserting a needle directly into the urinary bladder and aspirating the urine directly from the bladder into a sterile syringe
suprapubic aspiration
a plastic urine collection bag with hypoallergenic skin adhesive is used to collect a urine specimen from an infant or small child
pediatric urine collection
screens for urinary and systemic disorders
routine urinalysis (UA)
where should routine urinalysis be collected in
clean, dry, chemically clean containers with tight-fitting lids
*it shld be transported to the lab promptly and must be tested within 2 hrs
what does the UA physical examination involves
macroscopic observation and notation of clarity (transparent, cloudy)
color
odor
measurement of volume
specific gravity or osmolality
how does the UA chemical examination is performed
a plastic reagent strip (often called a dipstick)
what are the positive results and examples of possible conditions
ppt
what does the UA microscopic examination identifies
urine components such as:
cells
crystals
cats
microorganisms
- by examining a sample or urine sediment under a microscope
*to obtain the sediment, a measured portion of well-mixed urine
how can the pregnancy can be confirmed
by testing urine for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
when does the peak urine levels of hCG occur
at approx. 10 weeks of gestation
*human chorionic gonadotropin
the clear, almost colorless to pale yellow fluid that fills the membrane (amnion or amniotic sac) that surrounds and cushions a fetuc in the uterus
amniotic fluid
how does the amniotic fluid and cerebrospinal fluid obtained by a physician
amniotic fluid: transabdominal amniocentesis
cerebrospinal fluid: lumbar practice (spinal tap)
the fluid that surrounds the and helps cushion the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid