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2024 SEM 1 PMLS 2 (LEC) > blood collection equipment, additives and order of draw > Flashcards

blood collection equipment, additives and order of draw Flashcards

1
Q

what is the primary duty of a phlebotomist

A

to collect blood samples for the laboratory

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2
Q

why does the phlebotomist must be familiar with all types of equipment

A

to select appropriate collection devices for the type and condition of the patent’s vein and the type and amount of specimen required

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3
Q

why is it important to choose the appropriate tools and use them correctly

A

to help assure the safe blood collection of high quality blood specimens

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4
Q

It is a dedicated area of a medical laboratory or clinic equipped for performing phlebotomy procedures on patients

A

blood-drawing station
aka phlebotomy section/ area

  • primarily outpatients (walk in patients, not admitted in)

all equipment and materials for blood collection must be available (replenished if needed)

make sure all materials are complete and clean (disinfect)

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5
Q

Patients who have their blood drawn while in a seated position

A

phlebotomy chair
* disinfect phleb chair after multiple usage

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6
Q

phlebotomy chair, ideal positions

A

arm shld be straight not bent
angle of the chair abt 35

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of phleb chairs

A
  1. reclinable chair
    can lean back
    allow patients to lie back if they feel dizzy/ faint
  2. chair with adjustable arms and hydraulic height
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8
Q

come in a variety of styles and sizes designed to be easily carried by the phlebotomist and to contain enough equipment for numerous blood draws

A

Handheld phlebotomy equipment carries or trays (handheld carries)

*including waste containers for sharps or hazardous materials
must replenish and maintain cleanliness

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9
Q

They are convenient for STAT or emergency situations or when relatively few patients need blood work.

A

handheld carriers

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10
Q

They have swivel wheels, which glide the carts smoothly and quietly down hospital hallways and in and out of elevators.

A

phlebotomy cart
* made of stainless stee or strong synthetic material

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11
Q

when must a new glove be worn or removed

A

new pair must be worn for each patient
removed when the procedure is complete
* a good fit is essential (no space, not loosen)

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12
Q

types of gloves used

A

non sterile
disposable nitrile
neoprene
polyethylene
vinyl

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13
Q

It is a substance that we use to significantly lessen the no. of microorganisms on the surface of skin

A

antiseptics
* it is used to prevent sepsis, which is the presence of microorganisms or their toxic products within the bloodstreams

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14
Q

what is the commonly used for routine blood collection

A

70% isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol)

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15
Q

Why 70% isopropyl alcohol and not 100%?

A

If you use 100%, it can irritate or damage the skin. Hence, you need to dilute it in water. (the ideal is 70%)

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16
Q

what is the difference between antiseptics and disinfectants

A

antiseptics - used for individuals
disinfectants - used for inanimate objects

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17
Q

what are some examples that is used for blood collection

A

index card

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18
Q

Substances or solutions regulated by the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) that are used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments

A

disinfections

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19
Q

most commonly used disinfectants

A

EPA-registered sodium hypochlorite
chemical germicide products, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)

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20
Q

disinfectants ratio
small spill -
large spill -

A

1:100 dilution - small spills
1:10 dilution - large spills

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21
Q

for routine decontamination of hands as a substance for handwashing provided that the hands are not visibly soiled

A

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers

*to prevent cross contamination
*practice before and after blood collections

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22
Q

clearly marked with a biohazard symbol and be rigid, puncture resistant, leakproof, disposable and have locking lids to seal the contents when filled to the appropriate volume

A

Needle and Sharps Disposal Containers

*Needles that are disposed of in these containers are hazardous and may cause transmission of infection

color yellow or red

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23
Q

It is leak proof plastic bags that are commonly used to transport blood and other specimens from the collection site of the laboratory

A

biohazard bags

*marked with a biohazard label and often have outside pocket in which requisition forms can be placed

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24
Q

SEND OUT

A

Bring a sample/ blood sample to another laboratory to do the requested test as it may not be available in the current lab.

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25
Q

it is used to to easily identify patients

A

patient identification reader (barcode technology)

*also used to generate labels for the specimen tubes

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26
Q

tend to be expensive, there are portable devices on the market that use transillumination to make it easier to locate veins that are difficult to see or feel.

A

vein-locating devices

27
Q

how does vein-locating devices work

A

hemoglobin within the veins absorbs the light = stand out as dark lines

28
Q

It is a device that is applied or tied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture

A

torniquet

*disinfect per usage
*must be conncious when applying it

29
Q

why and how is torniquet used

A

to compress the veins and restrict blood flow.
restriction of venous blood flow distends or inflates the vein, making them larger and easier to find and stretches the vein walls so they are thinner and easier to pierce with a needle.

30
Q

ideal application of torniquet

A

1minute
if longer = hemolysis
However, it is a case to case basis. if still hard to find, it may be longer than a minute.

31
Q

what type of relationship does the needle’s diameter and gauge have

A

inverse (opposite) relationship; that is, the higher the gauge number, the smaller the diameter of the needle.

32
Q

most commonly used gauge

A

21 - green
22 - black
23 - blue

*23 for children and esp females

33
Q

Why do we have different numbers of gauges?

A

There are different thickness and thinness of the vessel or the vein itself.

34
Q

why do we user a lower gauge in blood donation

A

To have a larger size of the bore of the needle. To collect at least 450ml of blood. So, the blood flow of the blood must somehow be fast

35
Q

what is the difference between traditional style needles and BD eclipse safety needles

A

BD eclipse safety needles have safety cap wile traditional does not

36
Q

it is a closed system in which the patient’s blood flows through a needle inserted into a vein directly into a collection tube without exposure to air or outside contaminants.

A

evacuated tube system

*close system: insert the needle to the vein and place the blood tube, the blood flow will be directed to the blood tube and do not need to remove the cap of the tube to transfer the blood

37
Q

ETS allows how many tubes to be collected with a single venipuncture

A

4-5 blood tubes

38
Q

Special blood-drawing needle

A

multisample needle

39
Q

why must the bevel be facing you not upside down, before inserting it through the skin

A

if not, yo will not be able to vacuum the blood appropriately
it will touch the lining of the vessel

40
Q

where will you insert the evacuated tube

A

Only insert the evacuated tube to the rubber sleeve of the needle if you already hit the vein.

Once inserted but if it did not hit the vein, you could do a vein search before inserting the evacuated tube.

41
Q

this needle has a backflow

A

multisample needle

  • when you insert the needle and hit the vein, you can see the bulb being filled with blood.
42
Q

A clear, plastic, disposable cylinder with a small threaded opening at one end (often also called a hub) where the needle is screwed into it and a large opening at the other end where the collection tube is placed.

A

tube holders
*this is where you placed your evacuated tube

43
Q

it is used with both ETS and the syringe method of obtaining blood specimens

A

evacuated tube

44
Q

in evacuated tube, tube selection is based on

A

age of patient
amt. of blood needed for test
size and condition of the patient’s vein

45
Q

this has a vacuum, a negative pressure

A

evacuated tube
- possibly draw the blood from the site after you insert the tube in the ETS components

46
Q

why must u not uncap the evacuated tubes

A

so that the negative pressure will stay intact

47
Q

tubes are handled properly and stored between ___ and ___

A

4°C and 25°C

48
Q

it is used for patients with small or difficult veins

A

syringe system
*this system consists of a sterile syringe needle called a hypodermic needle and a sterile plastic syringe with a luer-lock tip

49
Q

syringe method is commonly used when…

A

collecting 1-2 blood tubes to be collected
vein is to difficult to find
*make sure needle and barrel is locked
*only pull the plunger. NEVER push

50
Q

Refers to the order in which tubes are collected during a multiple-tube ETS draw or filled with blood from a syringe.

A

order of draw

51
Q

why must we follow the order of blood tube

A

to prevent contamination of blood specimens by carryover of additives that can interfere with some tests

52
Q

Substances that prevent blood from clotting (coagulating)

A

anticoagulants

53
Q

what are the 2 methods to prevvent blood from clotting

A

binding (chelating)/ precipitating calcium
inhibiting the formation of thrombin needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation process

54
Q

what do u write on the evacuated tubes

A

patient’s info with non smudge pen in PRINT not script to ensures that the letters can be easily read

55
Q

order of draw

A

[stop light red stay put green lets go]
SPS
Lt. Blue
Red
SST
PST
Green
Lavender - EDTA
Gray - oxalate

56
Q

most common citrate used

A

sodium citrate

57
Q

most widely used oxalate

A

potassium oxalate

58
Q

A substance that prevents glycolysis, the breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells.

A

antiglycolytic agents
* breakdown of glucose

59
Q

most common antiglycolytic agents

A

sodium fluoride
*commonly used in combination with anticoagulant potassium oxalate or EDTA to provide a plasma specimen.

60
Q

A substance that enhances coagulation in tubes used to collect serum specimens. what are the 2 types and iversion.

A

clot activators

  1. silica particles (SSTs - serum separator tubesand plastic red top)
    Clot within 30 minutes
  2. Rapid serum tube (RST) normally cloths within 5 minutes
    5 - 10 inversions

Use clots cos we are after the serum

61
Q

why do we use clot activators

A

because we are after the serum (clear liquid after the blood clots)

62
Q

how long does it usually takes for blood to clot

A

15 to 30 minutes

63
Q

why do we clot blood before centrifuge

A

as the specimen may be hemolyzed

2024 SEM 1 PMLS 2 (LEC) (6 decks)

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