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URINE AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS Flashcards

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1
Q
  • A liquid tissue biopsy of the urinary tract
  • Painlessly obtained (EASY)
  • Yields a great deal of information quickly and economically
A

URINE

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2
Q

URINE FORMATION:
- Kidney receives:

A

25% if the total cardiac output

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3
Q

URINE FORMATION:
- Total renal blood flow:

A

1200ml/min

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4
Q

URINE FORMATION:
- Total renal plasma flow:

A

600-700 ml/min

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5
Q

URINE COMPOSITION:
- Urine is normally ___ % water and
___ % solutes.

A

95% , 5%

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6
Q

● Other organic substances:

A

➢ CREATININE
➢ URIC ACID

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7
Q

is the metabolic waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein and
amino acids.

A

UREA

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8
Q
  • What is the major inorganic solid dissolved in urine
A

CHLORIDE

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9
Q

★ OTHER INORGANIC SUBSTANCES

A

● SODIUM
● POTASSIUM

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10
Q

URINE MAY ALSO CONTAIN FORMED ELEMENTS :
- (increase amount is often indicative of disease)

A

cells, casts, crystals, mucus and bacteria

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11
Q

URINE VOLUME:
- the major body constituent
- main determinant of urine
volume

A

WATER

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12
Q

Normal range (24hrs) of URINE:

A

600-2000 mL

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13
Q

❖ FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE URINE VOLUME:

A

● fluid intake
● fluid loss
● variations in secretions of ADH

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13
Q

Average (24hrs) of URINE:

A

1200-1500 mL

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14
Q

● Decrease urine output
● <400 mL/day
● Causes: Dehydration

A

➔ OLIGURIA

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14
Q

● Increase in daily urine volume
● >2.5/day in adults
● >2.5-3 mL/kg/day in children
● Causes: DM, DI, DIURETICS

A

➔ POLYURIA

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15
Q

● Complete CESSATION of urine flow
● <100 mL/24hrs
● Causes: serious damage to the
kidneys

A

➔ ANURIA

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16
Q

● Increase in the nocturnal excretion of the urine.

A

NOCTURIA

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17
Q

SPECIMEN COLLECTION:
- Allow __ mL specimen needed for
microscopic analysis

A

12

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18
Q

LABELS
● All specimens must be labeled
properly with the patient’s:

A

name
identification number
date and time of collection

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19
Q

SPECIMEN REJECTION:
● Unacceptable Situations:

A
  1. Specimens in unlabeled containers
  2. Nonmatching labels and requisition forms
  3. Specimens contaminated with feces or toilet paper
  4. Containers with contaminated exteriors
  5. Specimens of insufficient quantity
  6. Specimens that have been improperly transported
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20
Q

★ SPECIMEN INTEGRITY
● Specimens should be delivered to
the laboratory promptly and tested within ___ hours .

A

2

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21
Q

★ SPECIMEN INTEGRITY
- A specimen that cannot be
delivered and tested within 2 hours
should be ____________ .

A

refrigerated

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22
Q

★ SPECIMEN PRESERVATION
- most routinely used method for
preservation.

A

REFRIGERATION (2°C - 8°C) -

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23
★ SPECIMEN PRESERVATION - refrigerated during until cultured up to 24 hours
CULTURE
24
TRANSPORT TUBES should be :
BACTERICIDIAL, INHIBIT UREASE , and preserve formed elements and the sediment.
25
➢ Semen Composition - ( 5% ) Produced in seminiferous tubules in the testis & matures in the epididymis
Spermatozoa
26
➢ Semen Composition - (60 - 70%) provides nutrients for the sperm (fructose: essential for the movement of the sperm.)
Seminal fluid
27
➢ Semen Composition - 20-30 %Acidic; has enzymes that are important for liquefaction and coagulation.
Prostate fluid
28
➢ Semen Composition 5% - Neutralize the acidity of the semen
Bulbourethral glands
29
● It is produced in the choroid plexuses of the two lumbar ventricles; the 3rd & 4th ventricles
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
30
● Fluid between the membranes that provides lubrication between the parietal and visceral membrane
SEROUS FLUID
31
Method of acquiring pleural serous fluid.
Thoracentesis
32
NEEDLE ASPIRATION: - lies in respiratory system
(pleural)
33
NEEDLE ASPIRATION: - lies the parietal and visceral membrane of heart
Pericardial
34
Flows between the linings of the parietal and visceral membrane of the abdominal organs
Paracentesis (peritoneal)
35
● Often referred to as “joint fluid”
SYNOVIAL FLUID
35
➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR - Colorless
NORMAL
36
The synovial membrane contains specialized cells called __________ .
SYNOVIOCYTES
37
● Sac called the amnio, which surrounds the fetus, contains amniotic fluid. ● Protects the fetus by acting as a cushion,
AMNIOTIC FLUIDz
38
➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR - Blood-streaked
Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma
39
➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR - Yellow
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
40
➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR - Dark-green
Meconium
41
➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR - Dark red brown
Fatal death
42
FECAL ANALYSIS ● MACROSCOPIC:
> Quantity : 100 - 200g per day > Color : brown > Consistency > Odor : indole and catole > Mucus
43
-Found in watery stools.
TROPHOZOITES
44
Found in formed stools.
CYSTS
45
CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS: Description: Separate hard lumps, like nuts
Type 1 : severe constipation
46
CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS: Description: sausage-shaped but lumpy
type 2 : Mild constipation
47
CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS: Description: Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft
type 4: Normal
48
CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS: Description: Like a sausage but with crack on its surface
Type 3 : Normal
49
CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS: Description: Soft blobs with clear-cut edges
type 5: Lacks fiber in diet
50
CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS: Description: Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, mushy stool
Type 6: Mild diarrhea
51
CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS: Description: watery
Type 7: severe diarrhea
52
COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES - Brown, dark brown or yellow-brown
normal color; due to oxidation of bile pigments.
53
COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES - Gray color
- Ingestion of chocolate or cocoa. - Steatorrhea
54
COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES - Black
- Iron/bismuth ingestion, - Bleeding from the upper GI tract/melena (Black tarry stool)
55
COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES - Ver dark brown
Diet high on meat
56
COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES - Red color
- Bleeding from lower GI tract - beets
57
COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES - Green/yellow-green
- Pseudomonas infection - green vegies
58
COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES - Rust color
Breakdown of hemoglobin
59
COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES - Yellow
Pus

AUBF (7 decks)

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