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AUBF > URINE AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS > Flashcards

URINE AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS Flashcards

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1
Q
  • A liquid tissue biopsy of the urinary tract
  • Painlessly obtained (EASY)
  • Yields a great deal of information quickly and economically
A

URINE

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2
Q

URINE FORMATION:
- Kidney receives:

A

25% if the total cardiac output

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3
Q

URINE FORMATION:
- Total renal blood flow:

A

1200ml/min

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4
Q

URINE FORMATION:
- Total renal plasma flow:

A

600-700 ml/min

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5
Q

URINE COMPOSITION:
- Urine is normally ___ % water and
___ % solutes.

A

95% , 5%

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6
Q

● Other organic substances:

A

➢ CREATININE
➢ URIC ACID

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7
Q

is the metabolic waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein and
amino acids.

A

UREA

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8
Q
  • What is the major inorganic solid dissolved in urine
A

CHLORIDE

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9
Q

★ OTHER INORGANIC SUBSTANCES

A

● SODIUM
● POTASSIUM

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10
Q

URINE MAY ALSO CONTAIN FORMED ELEMENTS :
- (increase amount is often indicative of disease)

A

cells, casts, crystals, mucus and bacteria

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11
Q

URINE VOLUME:
- the major body constituent
- main determinant of urine
volume

A

WATER

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12
Q

Normal range (24hrs) of URINE:

A

600-2000 mL

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13
Q

❖ FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE URINE VOLUME:

A

● fluid intake
● fluid loss
● variations in secretions of ADH

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13
Q

Average (24hrs) of URINE:

A

1200-1500 mL

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14
Q

● Decrease urine output
● <400 mL/day
● Causes: Dehydration

A

➔ OLIGURIA

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14
Q

● Increase in daily urine volume
● >2.5/day in adults
● >2.5-3 mL/kg/day in children
● Causes: DM, DI, DIURETICS

A

➔ POLYURIA

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15
Q

● Complete CESSATION of urine flow
● <100 mL/24hrs
● Causes: serious damage to the
kidneys

A

➔ ANURIA

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16
Q

● Increase in the nocturnal excretion of the urine.

A

NOCTURIA

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17
Q

SPECIMEN COLLECTION:
- Allow __ mL specimen needed for
microscopic analysis

A

12

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18
Q

LABELS
● All specimens must be labeled
properly with the patient’s:

A

name
identification number
date and time of collection

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19
Q

SPECIMEN REJECTION:
● Unacceptable Situations:

A
  1. Specimens in unlabeled containers
  2. Nonmatching labels and requisition forms
  3. Specimens contaminated with feces or toilet paper
  4. Containers with contaminated exteriors
  5. Specimens of insufficient quantity
  6. Specimens that have been improperly transported
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20
Q

★ SPECIMEN INTEGRITY
● Specimens should be delivered to
the laboratory promptly and tested within ___ hours .

A

2

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21
Q

★ SPECIMEN INTEGRITY
- A specimen that cannot be
delivered and tested within 2 hours
should be ____________ .

A

refrigerated

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22
Q

★ SPECIMEN PRESERVATION
- most routinely used method for
preservation.

A

REFRIGERATION (2°C - 8°C) -

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23
Q

★ SPECIMEN PRESERVATION
- refrigerated during until
cultured up to 24 hours

A

CULTURE

24
Q

TRANSPORT TUBES should be :

A

BACTERICIDIAL, INHIBIT UREASE , and preserve formed elements and the sediment.

25
Q

➢ Semen Composition
- ( 5% ) Produced in seminiferous tubules in the testis & matures in the epididymis

A

Spermatozoa

26
Q

➢ Semen Composition
- (60 - 70%) provides nutrients for the sperm (fructose: essential for the movement of the sperm.)

A

Seminal fluid

27
Q

➢ Semen Composition
- 20-30 %Acidic; has enzymes that are important for liquefaction and coagulation.

A

Prostate fluid

28
Q

➢ Semen Composition
5% - Neutralize the acidity of the semen

A

Bulbourethral glands

29
Q

● It is produced in the choroid
plexuses of the two lumbar
ventricles; the 3rd & 4th ventricles

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

30
Q

● Fluid between the membranes that provides lubrication between the parietal and visceral membrane

A

SEROUS FLUID

31
Q

Method of acquiring pleural serous fluid.

A

Thoracentesis

32
Q

NEEDLE ASPIRATION:
- lies in respiratory system

A

(pleural)

33
Q

NEEDLE ASPIRATION:
- lies the parietal and visceral
membrane of heart

A

Pericardial

34
Q

Flows between the linings of the parietal and visceral membrane of the abdominal organs

A

Paracentesis (peritoneal)

35
Q

● Often referred to as “joint fluid”

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

35
Q

➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
- Colorless

A

NORMAL

36
Q

The synovial membrane contains
specialized cells called __________ .

A

SYNOVIOCYTES

37
Q

● Sac called the amnio, which
surrounds the fetus, contains
amniotic fluid.
● Protects the fetus by acting as a
cushion,

A

AMNIOTIC FLUIDz

38
Q

➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
- Blood-streaked

A

Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma

39
Q

➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
- Yellow

A

Hemolytic disease of the
newborn

40
Q

➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
- Dark-green

A

Meconium

41
Q

➢ AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
- Dark red brown

A

Fatal death

42
Q

FECAL ANALYSIS
● MACROSCOPIC:

A

> Quantity : 100 - 200g per day
Color : brown
Consistency
Odor : indole and catole
Mucus

43
Q

-Found in watery stools.

A

TROPHOZOITES

44
Q

Found in formed stools.

A

CYSTS

45
Q

CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS:
Description: Separate hard lumps, like nuts

A

Type 1 : severe constipation

46
Q

CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS:
Description: sausage-shaped but lumpy

A

type 2 : Mild constipation

47
Q

CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS:
Description: Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft

A

type 4: Normal

48
Q

CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS:
Description: Like a sausage but with crack on its surface

A

Type 3 : Normal

49
Q

CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS:
Description: Soft blobs with clear-cut edges

A

type 5: Lacks fiber in diet

50
Q

CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS:
Description: Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, mushy stool

A

Type 6: Mild diarrhea

51
Q

CONSISTENCY TYPE OF STOOLS:
Description: watery

A

Type 7: severe diarrhea

52
Q

COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES
- Brown, dark brown or yellow-brown

A

normal color; due to oxidation of bile pigments.

53
Q

COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES
- Gray color

A
  • Ingestion of chocolate or cocoa.
  • Steatorrhea
54
Q

COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES
- Black

A
  • Iron/bismuth ingestion,
  • Bleeding from the upper GI tract/melena (Black tarry stool)
55
Q

COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES
- Ver dark brown

A

Diet high on meat

56
Q

COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES
- Red color

A
  • Bleeding from lower GI tract
  • beets
57
Q

COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES
- Green/yellow-green

A
  • Pseudomonas infection
  • green vegies
58
Q

COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES
- Rust color

A

Breakdown of hemoglobin

59
Q

COLOR OF THE STOOL: CAUSES
- Yellow

A

Pus

AUBF (7 decks)

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