PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE

Question 1

URINE: FRESHLY VOIDED URINE
ODOR: ?

Answer 1

Aromatic odor

Question 2

URINE: stands for a long time
ODOR: ?

Answer 2

Ammonia Odor

Question 3

URINE: with BACTERIAL INFECTION
ODOR: ?

Answer 3

Ammonia-like odor

Question 4

URINE: with DIABETIC KETONES
ODOR: ?

Answer 4

Sweet/fruity odor

Question 5

URINE: MAPLE SYRUP DISORDER
ODOR: ?

Answer 5

MAPLE SYRUP ODOR

Question 6

URINE: Px with PHENYLKETONURIA
ODOR : ?

Answer 6

Mousy

Question 7

Indication of RANCID ODOR urine:

Answer 7

TYROSINEMIA

Question 8

Indication of SWEATY FEE-LIKE ODOR of urine:

Answer 8

ISOVALERIC ACIDEMIA

Question 9

Indication of CABBAGE-LIKE ODOR of urine:

Answer 9

METHIONINE MALABSORPTION

Question 10

URINE: CONTAMINATION
ODOR : ?

Answer 10

BLEAD ODOR

Question 11

URINE: INGESTION OF ONIONS, GARLIC, ASPARAGUS
ODOR : ?

Answer 11

PUNGENT ODOR

Question 12

• It consists of a group of tests performed as part of a physical examination. It involves macroscopic and microscopic analysis

Answer 12

ROUTINE URINALYSIS

Question 13

• PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Answer 13

MACROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

Question 14

• from breakdown of skeletal
  muscle produces ‘clear plasma’ because it is
  more rapidly cleared from the Plasma than
  Hemoglobin

Answer 14

Myoglobinuria

Question 14

• URINE SEDIMENT is examine under a microscope
• To identify the components of the Urinary sediment

Answer 14

MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

Question 15

COMPONENTS OF ROUTINE ANALYSIS:

Answer 15

SPECIMEN
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
SEDIMENT EXAMINATION

Question 15

URINE NORMAL RANGE:

Answer 15

600-2000 mL (24 HRS)

Question 15

TRUE OR FALE
- Bacteriologic examination is done first if requested

Answer 15

EURT

Question 15

• Factors that influence urine volume:

Answer 15

• fluid intake
• fluid loss from nonrenal
  sources
• variations in the secretion of
  antidiuretic hormone
• need to excrete dissolved
  solid

Question 15

COLORING PIGMENTS OF URINE:
* From the OXIDATION OF UROBILIN
* Gives an orange-brown color to a urine that
is not fresh

Answer 15

UROBILIN

Question 15

• Depends on the amount of water that the kidneys excrete
• Water is a major body constituent
• Amount excreted is usually determined by the body’s state
  of hydration

Answer 15

VOLUME

Question 15

Bilirubin is suspected if ___________
appears when the urine is shaken.

Answer 15

YELLOW FOAM

Question 15

NORMAL DAILY URINE OUTPUT:

Answer 15

1200-1500mL

Question 15

Urine LESS THAN the standard volume requirement must be accepted if:

Answer 15

px with:
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Question 16

Night urine generally not in excess of ____ mL

Answer 16

400

Question 16

- Excrete two to three times more urine during the day than during the night

Answer 16

NOCTURIA

Question 16

- Cessation of urine flow - < 100 mL/ 24 hrs Causes: * serious damage to the kidneys or from a decrease in the flow of blood to the kidneys

Answer 16

ANURIA

Question 16

COLORING PIGMENTS OF URINE: - It is a pink pigment - present in urine that have been refrigerated (precipitation of amorphous urates)

Answer 16

UROERYTHRIN

Question 16

The main determinant of urine volume is ? _____. * It is also the major body constituent :>>

Answer 16

korique ka jan mhieee!! kaya don't forget to drink ya water pii stay hydrated hanggang mamatay :DD

Question 16

− Decrease in urine output − Less than 1 mL/kg/hr in infants, − less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr in children − Less than 400 mL/day in adults

Answer 16

OLIGURIA

Question 16

What is the cause of NOCTURIA?

Answer 16

PREGNANCY!! Koriquee dahil jan magkaka-anak kana dis year, MANIFESTING!!!

Question 16

POLYURIA CAUSES:

Answer 16

* Diabetes mellitus * Diabetes insipidus * Artificially induced by diuretics, caffeine, or alcohol.

Question 16

− An increase in daily urine volume − Greater than 2.5 L/day in adults − 2.5 to 3 mL/kg/day in children

Answer 16

POLYURIA

Question 17

COLORING PIGMENTS OF URINE: * Major pigment * Pigment which causes the urine become yellow * Named by Thudichum in 1864 proportional to the metabolic rate * increased during fever, thyroid condition(thyrotoxicosis), in fasting states and starvation or if the urine stands at Room Temperature

Answer 17

UROCHROME

Question 17

a product from the oxidation of Porphobilinogen which is often referred to as ‘port-wine urine’ - would result in a RED COLOR URINE

Answer 17

Porphyrins

Question 17

presence of RBCs:

Answer 17

RED AND CLOUDY

Question 17

* Photo-oxidation of Urobilinogen to Urobilin * administration of Phenazopyridine or Azo- Gantrisin compounds to URTI patients * urine with Phenazopyridine also produces yellow foam when shaken, which can be mistaken for Bilirubin

Answer 17

YELLOW-ORANGE URINE

Question 17

- ‘red plasma’ resulting from the in vivo breakdown of RBCs

Answer 17

Hemoglobinuria

Question 17

presence of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin:

Answer 17

urine is ‘red and clear’

Question 17

NORMAL COLOR OF URINE:

Answer 17

colorless to deep yellow

Question 17

* Photo-oxidation of Bilirubin to Biliverdin

Answer 17

YELLOW-GEEN URINE:

Question 18

FRESH URINE WITH MYOGLOBIN:

Answer 18

REDDISH-BROWN URINE

Question 19

PRESENCE of RBC leading to oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin in acidic urine

Answer 19

BROWN URINE

Question 20

is an oxidation product of the colorless pigment called “Melanogen” produced in excess when a Malignant Melanoma is present

Answer 20

MELANIN

Question 21

- a metabolite of Phenylalanine, imparts a black color to Alkaline urine from patients with inborn error of metabolism called “Alkaptonuria”

Answer 21

HOMOGENTISIC ACID

Question 22

Medications such as______________________________________ cause BLUE urine.

Answer 22

METHOCARBANOL (robaxin), METHYLENE BLUE, AMITRIPTYLINE

Question 23

* transparency or turbidity of a urine specimen * reported as Clear, Hazy, Cloudy, Turbid, or Milk * normally clear, and the presence of particulate material in an unspun specimen warrants further investigation.

Answer 23

CLARITY

Question 24

* Measures Refractive index * Temperature correction, not necessary * ADVANTAGE : determining Specific Gravity using a small volume of Urine

Answer 24

REFRACTOMETY

Question 25

* the density of a solution compared with the density of a similar distilled water (SG = 1.000)

Answer 25

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Question 26

* consists of a weighted float attached to a scale that has been calibrated in terms of urine SG * Calibration temperature : 20 C

Answer 26

URINOMETRY

Question 27

* If Cold : Every 3° C below 20 ° C , subtract 0.001 * If Warm : Every 3° C above 20 ° C , add 0.001

Question 28

* based on the principle that “the frequency of a soundwave entering a solution changes in proportion to the density of the solution” * this technique was originally used in early automated urinalysis instruments * the addition of Reagent Strip Analysis for SG has replaced this technique

Answer 28

HARMONIC OSCILLATION DESITOMETRY

Question 29

* Principle: pKa (dissociation constant) of a Polyelectrolyte in an Alkaline Urine the Polyelectrolyte ionizes, releasing Hydrogen ions in proportion to the number of ions in the solution * the ↑ the conc. of urine, the more hydrogen ions are released, thereby lowering the Ph * Indicator: Bromthymol Blue * As SG ↑, the indicator changes from blue (1.000-Alkaline) through shades of green, to yellow (1.030-Acid)

Answer 29

REAGENT STRIP SPECFIC GRAVITY