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AUBF > PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE > Flashcards

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE Flashcards

kaya mo itoooooooooooooooooo

1
Q

URINE: FRESHLY VOIDED URINE
ODOR: ?

A

Aromatic odor

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2
Q

URINE: stands for a long time
ODOR: ?

A

Ammonia Odor

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3
Q

URINE: with BACTERIAL INFECTION
ODOR: ?

A

Ammonia-like odor

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4
Q

URINE: with DIABETIC KETONES
ODOR: ?

A

Sweet/fruity odor

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5
Q

URINE: MAPLE SYRUP DISORDER
ODOR: ?

A

MAPLE SYRUP ODOR

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6
Q

URINE: Px with PHENYLKETONURIA
ODOR : ?

A

Mousy

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7
Q

Indication of RANCID ODOR urine:

A

TYROSINEMIA

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8
Q

Indication of SWEATY FEE-LIKE ODOR of urine:

A

ISOVALERIC ACIDEMIA

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9
Q

Indication of CABBAGE-LIKE ODOR of urine:

A

METHIONINE MALABSORPTION

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10
Q

URINE: CONTAMINATION
ODOR : ?

A

BLEAD ODOR

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11
Q

URINE: INGESTION OF ONIONS, GARLIC, ASPARAGUS
ODOR : ?

A

PUNGENT ODOR

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12
Q
  • It consists of a group of tests performed as part of a physical examination. It involves macroscopic and microscopic analysis
A

ROUTINE URINALYSIS

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13
Q
  • PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
  • CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
A

MACROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

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14
Q
  • from breakdown of skeletal
    muscle produces ‘clear plasma’ because it is
    more rapidly cleared from the Plasma than
    Hemoglobin
A

Myoglobinuria

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14
Q
  • URINE SEDIMENT is examine under a microscope
  • To identify the components of the Urinary sediment
A

MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

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15
Q

COMPONENTS OF ROUTINE ANALYSIS:

A

SPECIMEN
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
SEDIMENT EXAMINATION

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15
Q

URINE NORMAL RANGE:

A

600-2000 mL (24 HRS)

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALE
- Bacteriologic examination is done first if requested

A

EURT

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15
Q
  • Factors that influence urine volume:
A
  • fluid intake
  • fluid loss from nonrenal
    sources
  • variations in the secretion of
    antidiuretic hormone
  • need to excrete dissolved
    solid
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15
Q

COLORING PIGMENTS OF URINE:
* From the OXIDATION OF UROBILIN
* Gives an orange-brown color to a urine that
is not fresh

A

UROBILIN

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15
Q
  • Depends on the amount of water that the kidneys excrete
  • Water is a major body constituent
  • Amount excreted is usually determined by the body’s state
    of hydration
A

VOLUME

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15
Q

Bilirubin is suspected if ___________
appears when the urine is shaken.

A

YELLOW FOAM

15
Q

NORMAL DAILY URINE OUTPUT:

A

1200-1500mL

15
Q

Urine LESS THAN the standard volume requirement must be accepted if:

A

px with:
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

16
Q

Night urine generally not in excess of ____ mL

A

400

16
Q
  • Excrete two to three times
    more urine during the day
    than during the night
A

NOCTURIA

16
Q
  • Cessation of urine flow
  • < 100 mL/ 24 hrs
    Causes:
  • serious damage to the kidneys
    or from a decrease in the flow
    of blood to the kidneys
A

ANURIA

16
Q

COLORING PIGMENTS OF URINE:
- It is a pink pigment
- present in urine that have been refrigerated (precipitation of amorphous urates)

A

UROERYTHRIN

16
Q

The main determinant of urine volume is ? _____.
* It is also the major body constituent :»

A

korique ka jan mhieee!! kaya don’t forget to drink ya water pii stay hydrated hanggang mamatay :DD

16
Q

− Decrease in urine output
− Less than 1 mL/kg/hr in
infants,
− less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr in
children
− Less than 400 mL/day in adults

A

OLIGURIA

16
Q

What is the cause of NOCTURIA?

A

PREGNANCY!! Koriquee dahil jan magkaka-anak kana dis year, MANIFESTING!!!

16
Q

POLYURIA CAUSES:

A
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Artificially induced by
    diuretics, caffeine, or
    alcohol.
16
Q

− An increase in daily urine
volume
− Greater than 2.5 L/day in
adults
− 2.5 to 3 mL/kg/day in children

A

POLYURIA

17
Q

COLORING PIGMENTS OF URINE:
* Major pigment
* Pigment which causes the urine become yellow
* Named by Thudichum in 1864 proportional to the metabolic rate
* increased during fever, thyroid
condition(thyrotoxicosis), in fasting states and starvation or if the urine stands at Room Temperature

A

UROCHROME

17
Q

a product from the oxidation of
Porphobilinogen which is often referred to
as ‘port-wine urine’

  • would result in a RED COLOR URINE
A

Porphyrins

17
Q

presence of RBCs:

A

RED AND CLOUDY

17
Q
  • Photo-oxidation of Urobilinogen to Urobilin
  • administration of Phenazopyridine or Azo-
    Gantrisin compounds to URTI patients
  • urine with Phenazopyridine also produces
    yellow foam when shaken, which can be
    mistaken for Bilirubin
A

YELLOW-ORANGE URINE

17
Q
  • ‘red plasma’ resulting from the in vivo breakdown of RBCs
A

Hemoglobinuria

17
Q

presence of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin:

A

urine is ‘red and clear’

17
Q

NORMAL COLOR OF URINE:

A

colorless to deep yellow

17
Q
  • Photo-oxidation of Bilirubin to Biliverdin
A

YELLOW-GEEN URINE:

18
Q

FRESH URINE WITH MYOGLOBIN:

A

REDDISH-BROWN URINE

19
Q

PRESENCE of RBC leading to oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin in acidic urine

A

BROWN URINE

20
Q

is an oxidation product of the
colorless pigment called “Melanogen”
produced in excess when a Malignant
Melanoma is present

A

MELANIN

21
Q
  • a metabolite of Phenylalanine, imparts a black color to Alkaline urine from patients with inborn error of metabolism called “Alkaptonuria”
A

HOMOGENTISIC ACID

22
Q

Medications such as______________________________________ cause BLUE urine.

A

METHOCARBANOL (robaxin), METHYLENE BLUE, AMITRIPTYLINE

23
Q
  • transparency or turbidity of a urine
    specimen
  • reported as Clear, Hazy, Cloudy, Turbid, or
    Milk
  • normally clear, and the presence of
    particulate material in an unspun specimen
    warrants further investigation.
A

CLARITY

24
Q
  • Measures Refractive index
  • Temperature correction, not necessary
  • ADVANTAGE : determining Specific Gravity
    using a small volume of Urine
A

REFRACTOMETY

25
Q
  • the density of a solution compared with the
    density of a similar distilled water (SG =
    1.000)
A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

26
Q
  • consists of a weighted float attached to a
    scale that has been calibrated in terms of
    urine SG
  • Calibration temperature : 20 C
A

URINOMETRY

27
Q
  • If Cold : Every 3° C below 20 ° C ,
    subtract 0.001
  • If Warm : Every 3° C above 20 ° C ,
    add 0.001
A
28
Q
  • based on the principle that “the frequency
    of a soundwave entering a solution changes
    in proportion to the density of the solution”
  • this technique was originally used in early
    automated urinalysis instruments
  • the addition of Reagent Strip Analysis for SG
    has replaced this technique
A

HARMONIC OSCILLATION DESITOMETRY

29
Q
  • Principle: pKa (dissociation constant) of a
    Polyelectrolyte in an Alkaline Urine the
    Polyelectrolyte ionizes, releasing Hydrogen
    ions in proportion to the number of ions in
    the solution
  • the ↑ the conc. of urine, the more
    hydrogen ions are released, thereby
    lowering the Ph
  • Indicator: Bromthymol Blue
  • As SG ↑, the indicator changes from blue
    (1.000-Alkaline) through shades of green, to
    yellow (1.030-Acid)
A

REAGENT STRIP SPECFIC GRAVITY

AUBF (7 decks)

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